Document of bibliographic reference 304651
BibliographicReference record
- Type
- Bibliographic resource
- Type of document
- Data paper
- BibLvlCode
- AS
- Title
- Global Carbon Budget 2018
- Abstract
- Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere – the “global carbon budget” – is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. Fossil CO2 emissions (EFF) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, while emissions from land use and land-use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land use and land-use change data and bookkeeping models. Atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its growth rate (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) and terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) are estimated with global process models constrained by observations. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (BIM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as ±1σ. For the last decade available (2008–2017), EFF was 9.4±0.5 GtC yr−1, ELUC 1.5±0.7 GtC yr−1, GATM 4.7±0.02 GtC yr−1, SOCEAN 2.4±0.5 GtC yr−1, and SLAND 3.2±0.8 GtC yr−1, with a budget imbalance BIM of 0.5 GtC yr−1 indicating overestimated emissions and/or underestimated sinks. For the year 2017 alone, the growth in EFF was about 1.6 % and emissions increased to 9.9±0.5 GtC yr−1. Also for 2017, ELUC was 1.4±0.7 GtC yr−1, GATM was 4.6±0.2 GtC yr−1, SOCEAN was 2.5±0.5 GtC yr−1, and SLAND was 3.8±0.8 GtC yr−1, with a BIM of 0.3 GtC. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 405.0±0.1 ppm averaged over 2017. For 2018, preliminary data for the first 6–9 months indicate a renewed growth in EFF of +2.7 % (range of 1.8 % to 3.7 %) based on national emission projections for China, the US, the EU, and India and projections of gross domestic product corrected for recent changes in the carbon intensity of the economy for the rest of the world. The analysis presented here shows that the mean and trend in the five components of the global carbon budget are consistently estimated over the period of 1959–2017, but discrepancies of up to 1 GtC yr−1 persist for the representation of semi-decadal variability in CO2 fluxes. A detailed comparison among individual estimates and the introduction of a broad range of observations show (1) no consensus in the mean and trend in land-use change emissions, (2) a persistent low agreement among the different methods on the magnitude of the land CO2 flux in the northern extra-tropics, and (3) an apparent underestimation of the CO2 variability by ocean models, originating outside the tropics. This living data update documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new global carbon budget and the progress in understanding the global carbon cycle compared with previous publications of this data set (Le Quéré et al., 2018, 2016, 2015a, b, 2014, 2013). All results presented here can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.18160/GCP-2018.
- WebOfScience code
- https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000452233700001
- Bibliographic citation
- Le Quéré, C.; Andrew, R.M.; Friedlingstein, P.; Sitch, S.; Hauck, J.; Pongratz, J.; Pickers, P.A.; Korsbakken, J.I.; Peters, G.P.; Canadell, J.G.; Arneth, A.; Arora, V.K.; Barbero, L.; Bastos, A.; Bopp, L.; Chevallier, F.; Chini, L.P.; Ciais, P.; Doney, S.C.; Gkritzalis, T.; Goll, D.S.; Harris, I.; Haverd, V.; Hoffman, F.; Hoppema, M.; Houghton, R.A.; Hurtt, G.C.; Ilyina, T.; Jain, A.K.; Johannessen, T.; Jones, C.D.; Kato, E.; Keeling, R.F.; Goldewijk, K.K.; Landschützer, P.; Lefèvre, N.; Lienert, S.; Liu, Z.; Lombardozzi, D.; Metzl, N.; Munro, D.R.; Nabel, J.E.M.S.; Nakaoka, S.; Neill, C.; Olsen, A.; Ono, T.; Patra, P.; Peregon, A.; Peters, W.; Peylin, P.; Pfeil, B.; Pierrot, D.; Poulter, B.; Rehder, G.; Resplandy, L.; Robertson, E.; Rocher, M.; Rödenbeck, C.; Schuster, U.; Schwinger, J.; Séférian, R.; Skjelvan, I.; Steinhoff, T.; Sutton, A.; Tans, P.P.; Tian, H.; Tilbrook, B.; Tubiello, F.N.; van der Laan-Luijkx, I.T.; van der Werf, G.R.; Viovy, N.; Walker, A.P.; Wiltshire, A.J.; Wright, R.; Zaehle, S.; Zheng, B. (2018). Global Carbon Budget 2018. ESSD 10(4): 2141-2194. https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-2141-2018
- Is peer reviewed
- true
- Access rights
- open access
- Is accessible for free
- true
Authors
- author
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- Name
- Corinne Le Quéré
- author
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- Name
- Robbie Andrew
- author
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- Name
- Pierre Friedlingstein
- author
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- Name
- Stephen Sitch
- author
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- Name
- Judith Hauck
- author
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- Name
- Julia Pongratz
- author
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- Name
- Penelope Pickers
- author
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- Name
- Jan Korsbakken
- author
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- Name
- Glen Peters
- author
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- Name
- Josep Canadell
- author
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- Name
- Almut Arneth
- author
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- Name
- Vivek Arora
- author
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- Name
- Leticia Barbero
- author
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- Name
- Ana Bastos
- author
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- Name
- Laurent Bopp
- author
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- Name
- Frédéric Chevallier
- author
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- Name
- Louise Chini
- author
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- Name
- Philippe Ciais
- author
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- Name
- Scott Doney
- author
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- Name
- Thanos Gkritzalis
- Identifier
- https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7897-4230
- Affiliation
- Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee
- author
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- Name
- Daniel Goll
- author
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- Name
- Ian Harris
- author
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- Name
- Vanessa Haverd
- author
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- Name
- Forrest Hoffman
- author
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- Name
- Mario Hoppema
- author
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- Name
- Richard Houghton
- author
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- Name
- George Hurtt
- author
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- Name
- Tatiana Ilyina
- author
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- Name
- Atul Jain
- author
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- Name
- Truls Johannessen
- author
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- Name
- Christopher Jones
- author
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- Name
- Etsushi Kato
- author
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- Name
- Ralph Keeling
- author
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- Name
- Kees Goldewijk
- author
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- Name
- Peter Landschützer
- Identifier
- https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7398-3293
- author
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- Name
- Nathalie Lefèvre
- author
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- Name
- Sebastian Lienert
- author
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- Name
- Zhuo Liu
- author
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- Name
- Danica Lombardozzi
- author
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- Name
- Nicolas Metzl
- author
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- Name
- David Munro
- author
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- Name
- Julia Nabel
- author
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- Name
- Shin-ichiro Nakaoka
- author
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- Name
- Craig Neill
- author
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- Name
- Are Olsen
- author
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- Name
- Tsueno Ono
- author
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- Name
- Prabir Patra
- author
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- Name
- Anna Peregon
- author
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- Name
- Wouter Peters
- author
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- Name
- Philippe Peylin
- author
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- Name
- Benjamin Pfeil
- author
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- Name
- Denis Pierrot
- author
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- Name
- Benjamin Poulter
- author
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- Name
- Gregor Rehder
- author
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- Name
- Laure Resplandy
- author
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- Name
- Eddy Robertson
- author
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- Name
- Matthias Rocher
- author
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- Name
- Christian Rödenbeck
- author
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- Name
- Ute Schuster
- author
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- Name
- Jörg Schwinger
- author
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- Name
- Roland Séférian
- author
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- Name
- Ingunn Skjelvan
- author
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- Name
- Tobias Steinhoff
- author
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- Name
- Adrienne Sutton
- author
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- Name
- Pieter Tans
- author
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- Name
- Hanqin Tian
- author
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- Name
- Bronte Tilbrook
- author
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- Name
- Francesco Tubiello
- author
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- Name
- Ingrid van der Laan-Luijkx
- author
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- Name
- Guido van der Werf
- author
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- Name
- Nicolas Viovy
- author
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- Name
- Anthony Walker
- author
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- Name
- Andrew Wiltshire
- author
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- Name
- Rebecca Wright
- author
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- Name
- Sönke Zaehle
- author
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- Name
- Bo Zheng