{"refrec":{"BRefID":304881,"RR":"<b>Acevedo, M.J.; Straehler-Pohl, I.; Morandini, A.C.; Stampar, S.N.; Bentlage, B.; Matsumoto, G.I.; Yanagihara, A.; Toshino, S.; Bordehore, C.; Fuentes, V.L.</b> (2019). Revision of the genus <i>Carybdea</i> (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeidae): clarifying the identity of its type species <i>Carybdea marsupialis</i>. <i>Zootaxa 4543(4)</i>: 515-548. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4543.4.3\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4543.4.3</a>","BEntID":297176,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Zootaxa 4543(4)</i>: 515-548. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4543.4.3\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4543.4.3</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Acevedo, M.J.; Straehler-Pohl, I.; Morandini, A.C.; Stampar, S.N.; Bentlage, B.; Matsumoto, G.I.; Yanagihara, A.; Toshino, S.; Bordehore, C.; Fuentes, V.L.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Acevedo, M.J. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"While records of<em> Carybdea marsupialis</em> in the literature suggest a worldwide distribution of this species, the validity of some<em> </em>of<em> </em>these records has been questioned recently, as has the validity of some nominal <em>Carybdea</em> species. We inspected material of all known species of <em>Carybdea</em> from multiple locations (i.e. Spain, Algeria, Tunisia, Puerto Rico, California, Hawaii, Australia, South Africa, and Japan) using morphological and genetic tools to differentiate <em>Carybdea</em> species as well as understand their evolutionary relationships. We observed morphological differences between adult medusae of Mediterranean and Caribbean <em>C. marsupialis</em>; the most obvious differences were the structure of the phacellae, the structure of the pedalial canal knee bend, and the number and structure of the velarial canals. The characters of the adult Mediterranean specimens agree with the description provided by Claus (1878) for individuals of <em>C. marsupialis </em>from the Adriatic Sea (Italy); specimens from the Caribbean (Puerto Rico) agreed with the description of <em>C. xaymacana</em> by Conant (1897). Significant differences between both species were also observed in the newly released medusa stage. Further, we resolved a discord about the undefined polyp culture originating from Puerto Rico that was long considered <em>Carybdea marsupialis</em> but should be referred to as <em>C. xaymacana. </em>Although <em>C. marsupialis </em>is currently considered the only species of Cubozoa to occur in the Mediterranean, specimens collected in Algeria and Tunisia suggest that species of Alatinidae may also be present in the Mediterranean. Our investigations indicate that <em>Carybdea </em>spp. are more restricted in their geographical distribution than has been recognized historically. These findings confirm that <em>Carybdea arborifera</em> Maas, 1897 from Hawaii, <em>Carybdea branchi, </em>Gershwin &amp; Gibbons, 2009 from South Africa, <em>Carybdea brevipedalia</em> Kishinouye, 1891 from Japan, <em>Carybdea confusa </em>Straehler-Pohl, Matsumoto &amp; Acevedo, 2017 from California, <em>Carybdea marsupialis</em> Linnaeus, 1758 from the European Mediterranean Sea, <em>Carybdea rastonii</em> Haacke, 1886 from South Australia, and <em>Carybdea xaymacana,</em> Conant, 1897 from the Caribbean Sea are valid names representing distinct species, rather than synonyms. A taxonomic key for all valid species is provided, and a neotype for <em>C. marsupialis</em> is designated.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Revision of the genus <i>Carybdea</i> (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeidae): clarifying the identity of its type species <i>Carybdea marsupialis</i>","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Coelenterata, box jellyfish, Carybdea murrayana, morphology, identification, cryptic species, geographic distribution, development","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2019,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2019-01-23","DateCreate":"2019-01-23","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000455092900002","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.11646/zootaxa.4543.4.3"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":304881,"PubliDate":2019,"Pagination":"515-548","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"4543","Issue":"4","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":57347,"SerRR":"Zootaxa. 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