{"refrec":{"BRefID":305121,"RR":"<b>Schoepfer, V.A.; Burton, E.D.; Johnston, S.G.; Kraal, P.</b> (2019). Phosphate loading alters schwertmannite transformation rates and pathways during microbial reduction. <i>Sci. Total Environ. 657</i>: 770-780. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.082\" target=\"_blank\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.082</a>","BEntID":297417,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Sci. Total Environ. 657</i>: 770-780. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.082\" target=\"_blank\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.082</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Schoepfer, V.A.; Burton, E.D.; Johnston, S.G.; Kraal, P.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Schoepfer, V.A. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Acid sulfate systems commonly contain the metastable ferric oxyhydroxysulfate mineral schwertmannite, as well as phosphate (PO<sup>3−</sup><sub>4</sub>) - a nutrient that causes eutrophication when present in excess. However, acid sulfate systems often experience reducing conditions that destabilize schwertmannite. Under such conditions, the longterm fate of both schwertmannite and PO<sup>3−</sup><sub>4</sub> may be influenced by interactions during microbially-mediated Fe (III) and SO<sup>2-</sup><sub>4</sub> reduction. This study investigates the influence of PO<sup>3−</sup><sub>4</sub> on Fe(III) and SO<sup>2-</sup><sub>4</sub> reduction and the subsequentmineralogical transformation(s) in schwertmannite-rich systems exposed to reducing conditions. To accomplish this, varied PO<sup>3−</sup><sub>4</sub> loadings were established in microbially-inoculated schwertmannite suspensions that were incubated under anoxic conditions for 82 days. Increased PO<sup>3−</sup><sub>4</sub> attenuated the onset of microbial Fe (III) reduction. This delayed consequent pH increases, which in turn had cascading effects on the initiation of SO<sup>2-</sup><sub>4</sub> reduction and subsequent mineral species formed. Under zero PO<sup>3−</sup><sub>4</sub> loading, goethite (αFeOOH) formed first, followed by mackinawite (FeS) and siderite (FeCO<sub>3</sub>). In contrast, in higher PO<sup>3−</sup><sub>4</sub> treatments, vivianite(Fe<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>) and/or sulfate green rust (Fe<sup>II</sup><sub>4</sub> Fe<sup>III</sup><sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>12</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) became increasingly important over time at the expense of goethite and mackinawite compared to PO<sup>3−</sup><sub>4</sub>- free conditions. The findings imply that PO<sup>3−</sup><sub>4</sub> loading alters the rates and onset of microbial Fe(III)- and SO<sup>2-</sup><sub>4</sub> - reduction and the subsequent formation of secondary Febearing phases. In addition, schwertmannite reduction and the associated mineralogical evolution under anoxic conditions appears to sequester large quantities of  PO<sup>3−</sup><sub>4</sub> in the form of green rusts and vivianite.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Phosphate loading alters schwertmannite transformation rates and pathways during microbial reduction","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Acid sulfate systems; Green rust; Stability; Microbial reduction; X-ray diffractometry; X-ray spectroscopy","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2019,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2019-02-06","DateCreate":"2019-01-31","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000455903400075","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.082"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":305121,"PubliDate":2019,"Pagination":"770-780","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"657","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43780,"SerRR":"Science of the Total Environment. Elsevier: Amsterdam.  ISSN 0048-9697; e-ISSN 1879-1026","StandardTitleSer":"Science of the Total Environment","ISSN":"0048-9697","AbbrevSer":"Sci. 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