{"refrec":{"BRefID":305850,"RR":"<b>La Cono, V.; Bortoluzzi, G.; Messina, E.; La Spada, G.; Smedile, F; Giuliano, L.; Borghini, M.; Stumpp, C.; Schmitt-Kopplin, P.; Harir, M.; O’Neill, W.K.; Hallsworth, J.E.; Yakimov, M.</b> (2019). The discovery of Lake <i>Hephaestus</i>, the youngest athalassohaline deep-sea formation on Earth. <i>NPG Scientific Reports 9(1)</i>: 11 pp. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-38444-z\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-38444-z</a>","BEntID":298157,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>NPG Scientific Reports 9(1)</i>: 11 pp. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-38444-z\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-38444-z</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"La Cono, V.; Bortoluzzi, G.; Messina, E.; La Spada, G.; Smedile, F; Giuliano, L.; Borghini, M.; Stumpp, C.; Schmitt-Kopplin, P.; Harir, M.; O’Neill, W.K.; Hallsworth, J.E.; Yakimov, M.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"La Cono, V. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Hydrated, magnesium-rich minerals and subglacial brines exist on the martian surface, so the habitability of high-Mg<sup>2+</sup> environments on Earth has extraterrestrial (as well as terrestrial) implications. Here, we report the discovery of a MgCl<sub>2</sub>-dominated (4.72 M) brine lake on the floor of the Mediterranean Ridge that underlies a 3500-m water column, and name it Lake <i>Hephaestus</i>. Stable isotope analyses indicated that the Hephaestus brine is derived from interactions between ancient bishofite-enriched evaporites and subsurface fluids. Analyses of sediment pore waters indicated that the <i>Hephaestus</i> depression had contained the MgCl<sub>2</sub> brine for a remarkably short period; only 700 years. Lake Hephaestus is, therefore, the youngest among currently known submarine athalassohaline brine lakes on Earth. Due to its biologically hostile properties (low water-activity and extreme chaotropicity), the Hephaestus brine is devoid of life. By contrast, the seawater-<i>Hephaestus</i> brine interface has been shown to act as refuge for extremely halophilic and magnesium-adapted stratified communities of microbes, even at MgCl<sub>2</sub> concentrations that approach the water-activity limit for life (0.653).","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"The discovery of Lake <i>Hephaestus</i>, the youngest athalassohaline deep-sea formation on Earth","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-22 01:32:04.464311","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2019,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2019-02-15","DateCreate":"2019-02-15","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000458178100011","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1038/s41598-018-38444-z"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":305850,"PubliDate":2019,"Pagination":"11 pp","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"9","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":208093,"SerRR":"Scientific Reports (Nature Publishing Group). 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