{"refrec":{"BRefID":306445,"RR":"<b>Rani, M.; Shim, W.J.; Han, G.M.; Jang, M.; Song, Y.K.; Hong, S.H.</b> (2014). Hexabromocyclododecane in polystyrene based consumer products: an evidence of unregulated use. <i>Chemosphere 110</i>: 111-119. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.022\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.022</a>","BEntID":298770,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Chemosphere 110</i>: 111-119. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.022\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.022</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Rani, M.; Shim, W.J.; Han, G.M.; Jang, M.; Song, Y.K.; Hong, S.H.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Rani, M. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Polystyrene (PS) is made flame retardant by combining with hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD). HBCD can release from consumer products during their production, use or disposal. As a result, it has become a ubiquitous contaminant in the environment with a high potential for bioaccumulation. Therefore, to evaluate the extent of exposure to HBCD from PS, we determined the concentration of HBCD in a variety of products (n = 34) made from three types of commonly used PS: expanded PS (EPS), extruded PS foam (XPS), and extruded PS. The concentration of HBCD was highest in EPS, with a mean value and range of 475 643 ± 16 710 ng g<sup>−1</sup> and 106–960 000 ng g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. PS related to building construction and laboratory uses had a significantly higher concentration of HBCD (3300–905 000 ng g<sup>−1</sup>), except XPS styroboard (191 ± 100 ng g<sup>−1</sup>). Lower concentrations were measured in most food-related products (24.3–199 ng g<sup>−1</sup>). However, a relatively high concentration of HBCD was detected in an ice box (960 000 ± 29 000 ng g<sup>−1</sup>), aquaculture buoy (53 500 ± 2100 ng g<sup>−1</sup>), and disposable tray (8430 ± 730 ng g<sup>−1</sup>) used in fish market, raising concern for public health. Our data demonstrate a wide variation in the concentration of HBCD, suggesting a lack of proper controls for the addition of HBCD to PS products. Other brominated flame retardants (BFRs) were also detected in a majority of the XPS products (TBBPA = 3.83–545 ng g<sup>−1</sup>, BTBPE = 44–216 ng g<sup>−1</sup> and DBDPE = 215–4200 ng g<sup>−1</sup>). Thus, HBCD is being added to PS along with other BFRs that cannot be ignored.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Hexabromocyclododecane in polystyrene based consumer products: an evidence of unregulated use","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Brominated flame retardants; HBCD; Polystyrene products; Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2014,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2019-02-26","DateCreate":"2019-02-26","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000337770400016","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.022"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":306445,"PubliDate":2014,"Pagination":"111-119","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"110","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42564,"SerRR":"Chemosphere. 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