{"refrec":{"BRefID":307875,"RR":"<b>Herron, M.D.; Borin, J.M.; Boswell, J.C.; Walker, J.; Chen, I-C.K.; Knox, C.A.; Boyd, M.; Rosenzweig, F.; Ratcliff, W.C.</b> (2019). De <i>novo</i> origins of multicellularity in response to predation. <i>NPG Scientific Reports 9(1)</i>: 9 pp. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39558-8\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39558-8</a>","BEntID":300201,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>NPG Scientific Reports 9(1)</i>: 9 pp. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39558-8\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39558-8</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Herron, M.D.; Borin, J.M.; Boswell, J.C.; Walker, J.; Chen, I-C.K.; Knox, C.A.; Boyd, M.; Rosenzweig, F.; Ratcliff, W.C.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Herron, M.D. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The transition from unicellular to multicellular life was one of a few major events in the history of life that created new opportunities for more complex biological systems to evolve. Predation is hypothesized as one selective pressure that may have driven the evolution of multicellularity. Here we show that de novo origins of simple multicellularity can evolve in response to predation. We subjected outcrossed populations of the unicellular green alga <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> to selection by the filter-feeding predator <i>Paramecium tetraurelia</i>. Two of five experimental populations evolved multicellular structures not observed in unselected control populations within ~750 asexual generations. Considerable variation exists in the evolved multicellular life cycles, with both cell number and propagule size varying among isolates. Survival assays show that evolved multicellular traits provide effective protection against predation. These results support the hypothesis that selection imposed by predators may have played a role in some origins of multicellularity.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"De <i>novo</i> origins of multicellularity in response to predation","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-14 01:31:48.206643","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2019,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2019-03-12","DateCreate":"2019-03-12","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000459094800009","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1038/s41598-019-39558-8"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":307875,"PubliDate":2019,"Pagination":"9 pp","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"9","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":208093,"SerRR":"Scientific Reports (Nature Publishing Group). Nature Publishing Group: London.  ISSN 2045-2322; e-ISSN 2045-2322","StandardTitleSer":"Scientific Reports (Nature Publishing Group)","ISSN":"2045-2322","AbbrevSer":"NPG Scientific Reports","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":null,"Pages":null,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Herron","Firstname":"Matthew","Initials":"M.D.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":300201,"AutID":163080,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Borin","Firstname":"Joshua","Initials":"J.M.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":300201,"AutID":367797,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Boswell","Firstname":"Jacob","Initials":"J.C.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":300201,"AutID":367798,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Walker","Firstname":"Jillian","Initials":"J.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":300201,"AutID":367799,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Chen","Firstname":"I-Chen Kimberly","Initials":"I-C.K.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":300201,"AutID":367800,"OrderNr":5,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Knox","Firstname":"Charles","Initials":"C.A.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":300201,"AutID":367801,"OrderNr":6,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Boyd","Firstname":"Margrethe","Initials":"M.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":300201,"AutID":367802,"OrderNr":7,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Rosenzweig","Firstname":"Frank","Initials":"F.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":300201,"AutID":367803,"OrderNr":8,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Ratcliff","Firstname":"William","Initials":"W.C.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":300201,"AutID":367804,"OrderNr":9,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":326219,"LibID":36,"BRefID":307875,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"326219","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"VLIZ Open Access","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":53,"Classification":"Open access","ReqLink":null,"ClassifTypID":1,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":null,"InternalReq":0,"LoggedInReq":0,"Disclaimer":null,"DutchDisclaimer":null,"FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Nature Publishing Group","City":"London"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":null,"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":300201,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":300201,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39558-8","externalID":"10.1038/s41598-019-39558-8","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":74619,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":null,"taxterms":null,"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Chisala, Chilekwa, C.","newSesDate":{"date":"2019-03-12 09:09:17.273000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Chisala, Chilekwa, C.","updSesDate":{"date":"2019-03-12 09:09:17.273000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}