{"refrec":{"BRefID":307895,"RR":"<b>Xavier, J.C.; Velez, N.; Trathan, P.N.; Cherel, Y.; De Broyer, C.; Canovas, F.; Seco, J.; Ratcliffe, N.; Tarling, G.A.</b> (2018). Seasonal prey switching in non-breeding gentoo penguins related to a wintertime environmental anomaly around South Georgia. <i>Polar Biol. 41(11)</i>: 2323-2335. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2372-8\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2372-8</a>","BEntID":300221,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Polar Biol. 41(11)</i>: 2323-2335. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2372-8\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2372-8</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Xavier, J.C.; Velez, N.; Trathan, P.N.; Cherel, Y.; De Broyer, C.; Canovas, F.; Seco, J.; Ratcliffe, N.; Tarling, G.A.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Xavier, J.C. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Information is needed on how anomalous environmental conditions affect important Antarctic ecological sentinels during the winter. Using a non-invasive method (scats), the diet of non-breeding gentoo penguins <em class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Pygoscelis papua</em> at Bird Island, South Georgia, was examined during the winter of 2009 when local environmental conditions were abnormal (e.g. warmer sea surface waters). Scats were collected every 2&nbsp;weeks from May until October 2009 (<em class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">N</em> = 168); the diet was dominated by the amphipod <em class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Themisto gaudichaudii</em> by frequency of occurrence (77.5% of the samples) and by number (70.5% of the total individuals). By mass, different species of crustaceans (<em class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">T. gaudichaudii</em> and Antarctic krill <em class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Euphausia superba</em>) and fish (<em class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Champsocephalus gunnari</em>, <em class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Lepidonotothen larseni</em> and <em class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Pseudochaenichthys georgianus</em>) were the most important in different periods. Numerically, prey switching occurred at the end of winter, when <em class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">E. superba</em> became more abundant in the penguins’ diets in late September and early October (austral spring), when sea surface temperatures became colder. <em class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">T. gaudichaudii</em> is sub-optimal prey for gentoo penguins and its consumption most likely reflects a lack of <em class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">E. superba</em> in local waters. The consumption of <em class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">T. gaudichaudii</em> and fish, in place of <em class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">E. superba,</em> was probably insufficient for the penguins to maintain a body condition suitable for reproduction, contributing to the observed late commencement of breeding (i.e. 2–3&nbsp;weeks) that year. Our results highlight the sensitivity of gentoo penguin populations to variations in environmental conditions, particularly in terms of how these conditions affect the availability of preferred dietary items and potential follow-on effects in the subsequent breeding season.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Seasonal prey switching in non-breeding gentoo penguins related to a wintertime environmental anomaly around South Georgia","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-05-04 01:32:18.127577","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Pygoscelis papua; Southern Ocean; Diet; Antarctic winter; Abnormalenvironmental conditions","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2018,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2019-03-18","DateCreate":"2019-03-13","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000446075800014","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1007/s00300-018-2372-8"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":307895,"PubliDate":2018,"Pagination":"2323-2335","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"41","Issue":"11","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43637,"SerRR":"Polar Biology. Springer-Verlag: Berlin; Heidelberg.  ISSN 0722-4060; e-ISSN 1432-2056","StandardTitleSer":"Polar Biology","ISSN":"0722-4060","AbbrevSer":"Polar Biol.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":2323,"Pages":13,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Xavier","Firstname":null,"Initials":"J.C.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":300221,"AutID":368003,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Velez","Firstname":"Nadja","Initials":"N.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":300221,"AutID":368005,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Trathan","Firstname":null,"Initials":"P.N.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":300221,"AutID":215336,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Cherel","Firstname":null,"Initials":"Y.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":300221,"AutID":231974,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"De Broyer","Firstname":null,"Initials":"C.","Affiliation":"Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences, OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":300221,"AutID":368008,"OrderNr":5,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":"Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen; 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