{"refrec":{"BRefID":307903,"RR":"<b>Farhat, S.; Florent, I.; Noel, B.; Kayal, E.; Da Silva, C.; Bigeard, E.; Alberti, A.; Labadie, K.; Corre, E.; Aury, J.-M.; Rombauts, S.; Wincker, P.; Guillou, L.; Porcel, B.M.</b> (2018). Comparative time-scale gene expression analysis highlights the infection processes of two <i>Amoebophrya</i> strains. <i>Front. Microbiol. 9</i>: 19. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02251\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02251</a>","BEntID":300229,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Front. Microbiol. 9</i>: 19. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02251\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02251</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Farhat, S.; Florent, I.; Noel, B.; Kayal, E.; Da Silva, C.; Bigeard, E.; Alberti, A.; Labadie, K.; Corre, E.; Aury, J.-M.; Rombauts, S.; Wincker, P.; Guillou, L.; Porcel, B.M.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Farhat, S. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Understanding factors that generate, maintain, and constrain host-parasite associations is of major interest to biologists. Although little studied, many extremely virulent micro-eukaryotic parasites infecting microalgae have been reported in the marine plankton. This is the case for <i>Amoebophrya</i>, a diverse and highly widespread group of Syndiniales infecting and potentially controlling dinoflagellate populations. Here, we analyzed the time-scale gene expression of a complete infection cycle of two <i>Amoebophrya</i> strains infecting the same host (the dinoflagellate <i>Scrippsiella acuminata</i>), but diverging by their host range (one infecting a single host, the other infecting more than one species). Over two-thirds of genes showed two-fold differences in expression between at least two sampled stages of the <i>Amoebophrya</i> life cycle. Genes related to carbohydrate metabolism as well as signaling pathways involving proteases and transporters were overexpressed during the free-living stage of the parasitoid. Once inside the host, all genes related to transcription and translation pathways were actively expressed, suggesting the rapid and extensive protein translation needed following host-cell invasion. Finally, genes related to cellular division and components of the flagellum organization were overexpressed during the sporont stage. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the biological basis of the host-parasitoid interaction, we screened proteins involved in host-cell recognition, invasion, and protection against host-defense identified in model apicomplexan parasites. Very few of the genes encoding critical components of the parasitic lifestyle of apicomplexans could be unambiguously identified as highly expressed in <i>Amoebophrya</i>. Genes related to the oxidative stress response were identified as highly expressed in both parasitoid strains. Among them, the correlated expression of superoxide dismutase/ascorbate peroxidase in the specialist parasite was consistent with previous studies on <i>Perkinsus marinus</i> defense. However, this defense process could not be identified in the generalist <i>Amoebophrya</i> strain, suggesting the establishment of different strategies for parasite protection related to host specificity.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Comparative time-scale gene expression analysis highlights the infection processes of two <i>Amoebophrya</i> strains","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-05 01:31:15.909232","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"amoebophrya; syndiniales; parasite; gene expression; infection;oxidative stress response; plankton; dinoflagellates","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2018,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2019-03-18","DateCreate":"2019-03-13","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000446071600001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.3389/fmicb.2018.02251"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":307903,"PubliDate":2018,"Pagination":"19","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"9","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":234940,"SerRR":"Frontiers in Microbiology. 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