{"refrec":{"BRefID":307970,"RR":"<b>Kastelein, R.A.; Helder-Hoek, L.; Kommeren, A.; Covi, J.; Gransier, R.</b> (2018). Effect of pile-driving sounds on harbor seal (<i>Phoca vitulina</i>) hearing. <i>J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 143(6)</i>: 3583-3594. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5040493\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5040493</a>","BEntID":300296,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 143(6)</i>: 3583-3594. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5040493\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5040493</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Kastelein, R.A.; Helder-Hoek, L.; Kommeren, A.; Covi, J.; Gransier, R.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Kastelein, R.A. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Seals exposed to intense sounds may suffer hearing loss. After exposure to playbacks of broadband pile-driving sounds, the temporary hearing threshold shift (TTS) of two harbor seals was quantified at 4 and 8 kHz (frequencies of the highest TTS) with a psychoacoustic technique. The pile-driving sounds had: a 127 ms pulse duration, 2760 strikes per h, a 1.3 s inter-pulse interval, a ∼9.5% duty cycle, and an average received single-strike unweighted sound exposure level (SEL<sub>ss</sub>) of 151 dB re 1 <i>μ</i>Pa<sup>2</sup>s. Exposure durations were 180 and 360 min [cumulative sound exposure level (SEL<sub>cum</sub>): 190 and 193 dB re 1 <i>μ</i>Pa<sup>2</sup>s]. Control sessions were conducted under low ambient noise. TTS only occurred after 360 min exposures (mean TTS: seal 02, 1–4 min after sound stopped: 3.9 dB at 4 kHz and 2.4 dB at 8 kHz; seal 01, 12–16 min after sound stopped: 2.8 dB at 4 kHz and 2.6 dB at 8 kHz). Hearing recovered within 60 min post-exposure. The TTSs were small, due to the small amount of sound energy to which the seals were exposed. Biological TTS onset SEL<sub>cum</sub> for the pile-driving sounds used in this study is around 192 dB re 1 <i>μ</i>Pa<sup>2</sup>s (for mean received SEL<sub>ss</sub> of 151 dB re 1 <i>μ</i>Pa and a duty cycle of ∼9.5%).","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Effect of pile-driving sounds on harbor seal (<i>Phoca vitulina</i>) hearing","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-23 01:32:54.147967","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2018,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2019-03-18","DateCreate":"2019-03-13","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000437036000049","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1121/1.5040493"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":307970,"PubliDate":2018,"Pagination":"3583-3594","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"143","Issue":"6","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43301,"SerRR":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. American Institute of Physics: New York.  ISSN 0001-4966; e-ISSN 1520-8524","StandardTitleSer":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","ISSN":"0001-4966","AbbrevSer":"J. Acoust. Soc. 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