{"refrec":{"BRefID":310226,"RR":"<b>Reid, D.G.</b> (1990). A cladistic phylogeny of the genus <i>Littorina</i> (Gastropoda): implications for evolution of reproductive strategies and for classification. <i>Hydrobiologia 193(1)</i>: 1-19. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00028062\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00028062</a>","BEntID":302557,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Hydrobiologia 193(1)</i>: 1-19. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00028062\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00028062</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Reid, D.G.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Reid, D.G.","Englishabstract":"Gross anatomical characters of all 18 species of <em class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Littorina</em> are used to construct a phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus, by the method of cladistic analysis. The resulting cladogram suggests that of the four subgenera of <em class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Littorina</em>, one (<em class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Littorina</em>) is paraphyletic. It is uncertain whether the genus <em class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Mainwaringia</em> should be included in <em class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Littorina</em>. It is shown that the non-planktotrophic <em class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Littorina</em> species in the northern Atlantic comprise a monophyletic group, with the sister-species <em class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">L. kurila</em> and/or <em class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">L. subrotundata</em> in the northern Pacific. Invasion of the Atlantic by a minimum of two Pacific species, across the Arctic migration route established during the late Cenozoic, is sufficient to account for the modern distribution of the subgenera <em class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Littorina</em> and <em class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Neritrema</em>. The importance of the cladogram as a basis for hypotheses of adaptation is illustrated by a discussion of spawn and development in <em class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Littorina</em>.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"A cladistic phylogeny of the genus <i>Littorina</i> (Gastropoda): implications for evolution of reproductive strategies and for classification","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:32:52.928458","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Biogeography; Atlantic; Pacific; reproductive strategy; larval development ","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1990,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2019-04-08","DateCreate":"2019-04-08","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:A1990DA93300002","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1007/bf00028062"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":310226,"PubliDate":1990,"Pagination":"1-19","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"193","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42943,"SerRR":"Hydrobiologia. Springer: The Hague.  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