{"refrec":{"BRefID":310657,"RR":"<b>Wotte, T.; Skovsted, C.B.; Whitehouse, M.J.; Kouchinsky, A.</b> (2019). Isotopic evidence for temperate oceans during the Cambrian Explosion. <i>NPG Scientific Reports 9(1)</i>: 9 pp. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-42719-4\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-42719-4</a>","BEntID":303018,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>NPG Scientific Reports 9(1)</i>: 9 pp. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-42719-4\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-42719-4</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Wotte, T.; Skovsted, C.B.; Whitehouse, M.J.; Kouchinsky, A.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Wotte, T. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The Cambrian Explosion was a key event in the evolution of life on Earth. This event took place at a time when sea surface temperatures have been proposed to reach about 60 °C. Such high temperatures are clearly above the upper thermal limit of 38 °C for modern marine invertebrates and preclude a major biological revolution. To address this dichotomy, we performed in situ δ<sup>18</sup>O analyses of Cambrian phosphatic brachiopods via secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>phosphate</sub> data, which are considered to represent the most primary δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>seawater</sub> signature, were identified by evaluating the diagenetic alteration of the analyzed shells. Assuming ice-free conditions for the Cambrian ocean and no change in δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>seawater</sub>(-1.4‰ to -1‰; V-SMOW) through time, our temperatures vary between 35 °C ± 12 °C and 41 °C ± 12 °C. They are thus clearly above (1) recent subequatorial sea surface temperatures of 27 °C–35 °C and (2) the upper lethal limit of 38 °C of marine organisms. Our new data can therefore be used to infer a minimal depletion in early Cambrian δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>seawater</sub> relative to today of about -3‰. With this presumption, our most pristine δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>phosphate</sub> values translate into sea surface temperatures of about 30 °C indicating habitable temperatures for subequatorial oceans during the Cambrian Explosion.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Isotopic evidence for temperate oceans during the Cambrian Explosion","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-05-19 01:33:24.896983","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2019,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2019-04-26","DateCreate":"2019-04-26","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000465004600020","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1038/s41598-019-42719-4"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":310657,"PubliDate":2019,"Pagination":"9 pp","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"9","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":208093,"SerRR":"Scientific Reports (Nature Publishing Group). 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