{"refrec":{"BRefID":312810,"RR":"<b>Nasri, A.; Jouili, S.; Boufahja, F.; Hedfi, A.; Mahmoudi, E.; Aissa, P.; Essid, N.; Beyrem, H.</b> (2015). Effects of increasing levels of pharmaceutical penicillin G contamination on structure of free living nematode communities in experimental microcosms. <i>Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 40(1)</i>: 215-219. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2015.06.007\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2015.06.007</a>","BEntID":305174,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 40(1)</i>: 215-219. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2015.06.007\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2015.06.007</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Nasri, A.; Jouili, S.; Boufahja, F.; Hedfi, A.; Mahmoudi, E.; Aissa, P.; Essid, N.; Beyrem, H.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Nasri, A. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"A microcosm experiment was conducted to examine the effects of the pharmaceutical (penicillin G) on free living nematode communities of a Tunisian coastal zone (South-Western Mediterranean Sea). Sediments were contaminated with five penicillin G dose [D1 (3&nbsp;mg&nbsp;L<sup>−1</sup>), D2 (30&nbsp;mg&nbsp;L<sup>−1</sup>), D3 (300&nbsp;mg&nbsp;L<sup>−1</sup>), D4 (600&nbsp;mg&nbsp;L<sup>−1</sup>), D5 (700&nbsp;mg&nbsp;L<sup>−1</sup>)], and effects were examined after 30 days. Results showed significant differences between nematode assemblages from undisturbed controls and those from penicillin G treatments. Most univariate measures, including diversity (<em>H</em>′), species richness (<em>d</em>), equitability (<em>J</em>) and number of species (<em>S</em>) decreased significantly with increasing level of the antibiotic contamination. Results from multivariate analyses of the species abundance data demonstrated that responses of nematode species to the penicillin treatments were varied: <em>Kraspedonema octogoniata</em> and <em>Paracomesoma dubium</em> were eliminated at all the antibiotic doses tested and seemed to be intolerant species to penicillin G contamination; <em>Oncholaimus campylocercoides</em> although survived even the highest dose D5, showed definite reduction in its abundance and may be classified as “opportunistic” species at this dose, whereas, <em>Nannolaimoides decoratus</em> which showed a positive response with an increase in density even at highest concentration of contaminant, seems to be “penicillin G resistant” species.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Effects of increasing levels of pharmaceutical penicillin G contamination on structure of free living nematode communities in experimental microcosms","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-05 01:31:17.315598","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Free living nematodes; Sediment; Penicillin G; Contamination; Microcosms","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2015,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2019-07-16","DateCreate":"2019-07-16","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000359175000024","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.etap.2015.06.007"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":312810,"PubliDate":2015,"Pagination":"215-219","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"40","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":75266,"SerRR":"Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. 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