{"refrec":{"BRefID":321413,"RR":"<b>Altomare, C.; Suzuki, T.; Verwaest, T.</b> (2020). Influence of directional spreading on wave overtopping of sea dikes with gentle and shallow foreshores. <i>Coast. Eng. 157</i>: 103654. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2020.103654\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2020.103654</a>","BEntID":314852,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Coast. Eng. 157</i>: 103654. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2020.103654\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2020.103654</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Altomare, C.; Suzuki, T.; Verwaest, T.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Altomare, C.; Suzuki, T.; Verwaest, T.","Englishabstract":"The work highlights the importance of directional spreading effects on wave overtopping estimation in shallow and mild sloping foreshores. Wave short-crestedness leads, in general, to a reduction of mean overtopping discharges on coastal structures. In the present work, the case of a sea dike with gentle foreshore in very and extremely shallow water conditions is analysed. Physical model tests have been carried out in order to investigate the effect of directional spreading on overtopping and incident wave characteristics. In the present experimental campaign, the effect of wave spreading has only been investigated for perpendicular wave attack. Results show that directional spreading is proved to cause a reduction of average discharge of sea dikes with gentle and shallow foreshore. Expressions for the reduction factor for directional spreading are derived, fitted on the tested database. The use of this reduction factor leads to more accurate prediction and avoids overtopping overestimation, however reduction-factor formulations are overtopping-formula depending.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Influence of directional spreading on wave overtopping of sea dikes with gentle and shallow foreshores","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-21 01:43:10.835353","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Directional spreading; Reduction factor; Shallow foreshore; Sea dike ","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2020,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2021-08-03","DateCreate":"2020-02-04","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000521112600016","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2020.103654"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":321413,"PubliDate":2020,"Pagination":"103654","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"157","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":203120,"SerRR":"Coastal Engineering: An International Journal for Coastal, Harbour and Offshore Engineers. Elsevier: Amsterdam; Lausanne; New York; Oxford; Shannon; Tokyo.  ISSN 0378-3839; e-ISSN 1872-7379","StandardTitleSer":"Coastal Engineering: An International Journal for Coastal, Harbour and Offshore Engineers","ISSN":"0378-3839","AbbrevSer":"Coast. Eng.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":null,"Pages":null,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Altomare","Firstname":"Corrado","Initials":"C.","Affiliation":"Univ Politecn Cataluna, Lab Engn Maritima, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain.","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":314852,"AutID":197762,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":"0000-0001-8817-0431","PersID":26538,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Suzuki","Firstname":"Tomohiro","Initials":"T.","Affiliation":"Flanders Hydraulics Research","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":314852,"AutID":145431,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"WL","InsFSN":"Vlaamse overheid; Beleidsdomein Mobiliteit en Openbare Werken; Vlaams Ministerie Mobiliteit en Openbare Werken; Departement Mobiliteit en Openbare Werken; Waterbouwkundig Laboratorium","ORCID":"0000-0002-6008-4440","PersID":25819,"InsID":116},{"AutName":"Verwaest","Firstname":"Toon","Initials":"T.","Affiliation":"Flanders Hydraulics Research","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":314852,"AutID":142720,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"WL","InsFSN":"Vlaamse overheid; Beleidsdomein Mobiliteit en Openbare Werken; Vlaams Ministerie Mobiliteit en Openbare Werken; Departement Mobiliteit en Openbare Werken; Waterbouwkundig Laboratorium","ORCID":"0000-0002-3911-6962","PersID":1942,"InsID":116}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":[{"DasID":7990,"Acronym":null,"Citation":"Flanders Hydraulics Research (2020). Directional spreading effect on wave overtopping of sea dikes with gentle and shallow foreshores [DATA SET]","StandardTitle":"Directional spreading effect on wave overtopping of sea dikes with gentle and shallow foreshores","RelationID":2,"DOI":null},{"DasID":6358,"Acronym":null,"Citation":"Flanders Hydraulics Research (2019). Wave tank simulations of overtopping over a sea dike with very shallow foreshore conditions [DATA SET]","StandardTitle":"Wave tank simulations of overtopping over a sea dike with very shallow foreshore conditions","RelationID":2,"DOI":null}],"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":342202,"LibID":36,"BRefID":321413,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":null,"ShelfLocCode":"342202","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"Interne VLIZ documenten","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Non-open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":228,"Classification":"Non-open access","ReqLink":1,"ClassifTypID":3,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":1,"InternalReq":1,"LoggedInReq":1,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_VLIZ_Intern","DutchDisclaimer":"<p>Deze publicatie is enkel beschikbaar voor persoonlijk gebruik binnen de Innovocean site <br />en mag op geen enkele manier verder worden verspreid.</p>","FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null},{"BInstID":360862,"LibID":2706,"BRefID":321413,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":null,"ShelfLocCode":"360862","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"Dig. documenten die iedereen binnen het WL kan raadplegen","Acronym":"WL","Library":"Waterbouwkundig Laboratorium","DutchTerm":null,"URL":null,"ClassifID":221,"Classification":"Non-open access","ReqLink":1,"ClassifTypID":3,"URLLocation":"https://vlaamseoverheid.sharepoint.com/sites/dmow_a_imisdata/IMIS intern/","SubDir":0,"InternalReq":1,"LoggedInReq":null,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_WL_Int","DutchDisclaimer":null,"FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":116,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":null,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"Waterbouwkundig Laboratorium","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Elsevier","City":"Amsterdam; Lausanne; New York; Oxford; Shannon; Tokyo"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Wave overtopping","ThestID":9218,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Wave overtopping"}],"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":[{"Collection":"Waterbouwkundig Laboratorium","ShortName":"WL"}],"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":{"222":{"SpName":"BMB - Belgische Mariene Bibliografie","SpColID":222,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"BMB","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"BMB"},"895":{"SpName":"CREST","SpColID":895,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"CREST","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"CREST"},"1020":{"SpName":"FRIS (WL)","SpColID":1020,"ParSpColID":130,"TopParID":130,"ShortName":"FRIS (WL)","URLLocation":null,"LibID":2706,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"WL/FRIS (WL)"},"994":{"SpName":"Kustbescherming","SpColID":994,"ParSpColID":130,"TopParID":130,"ShortName":null,"URLLocation":null,"LibID":2706,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"WL/Kustbescherming"},"130":{"SpName":"Waterbouwkundig Laboratorium","SpColID":130,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"WL","URLLocation":null,"LibID":2706,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":1,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"WL"},"1025":{"SpName":"WL expert","SpColID":1025,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"WL expert","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"WL expert"},"360":{"SpName":"WL Staf Publicaties","SpColID":360,"ParSpColID":130,"TopParID":130,"ShortName":"wl stafpublicaties","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"WL/wl stafpublicaties"}},"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":314852,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":314852,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2020.103654","externalID":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2020.103654","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":80708,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Wave overtopping","ThestID":9218,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"}],"taxterms":null,"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Wave overtopping","DutchTerm":"Golfoverslag","ThestID":9218,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"}],"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Chisala, Chilekwa, C.","newSesDate":{"date":"2020-02-04 08:10:01.890000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Cerpentier, Steven, S.","updSesDate":{"date":"2021-08-03 14:38:30.997000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}