{"refrec":{"BRefID":321523,"RR":"<b>Smolders, S.; Plancke, Y.; Vanlede, J.; Mostaert, F.</b> (2019). Integraal Plan Boven-Zeeschelde: sub report 11. Effect of B-alternatives on sand transport. Version 3.0. <i>FHR reports</i>, 13_131_11. Flanders Hydraulics Research: Antwerp. VIII, 45 + 13 p. app. pp.","BEntID":314962,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":0,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". Version 3.0. <i>FHR reports</i>, 13_131_11. Flanders Hydraulics Research: Antwerp.  VIII, 45 + 13 p. app. pp.","DocTypID":13,"DocType":"Reports","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Smolders, S.; Plancke, Y.; Vanlede, J.; Mostaert, F.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Smolders, S. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"A sand transport model for the Scheldt estuary was made in the framework of the integrated plan Upper Sea Scheldt. This model is called “Scaldis Sand” and was able to reproduce sand transport rates measured along the Sea Scheldt and was as such validated. In this report this model is used to simulate some of the Balternatives.<br>The B-alternatives are three bathymetrical variations on the Scheldt estuary plan form in 2050 to allow larger vessels of class Va to reach Ghent via the Sea Scheldt. These alternatives are called VaG, Chafing and VaH and are described in detail in this report. Alongside the bathymetrical changes the boundary conditions were changed to include climate change. In this report only two types are taken into account: a climate high (AplusCH) and a climate low (AminCL).<br>First the effect of the autonomous development of the estuary, i.e. the bathymetrical changes between 2013 and 2050, on sand transport is discussed. Sand transport rates are given for different transects along the estuary. The transport direction is explained by the asymmetry between ebb and flood in the cross sectionally averaged flow velocity to the power five. The net sand transport rate over the transects is used to determine a mass balance for the areas in between transects.<br>Secondly the 2050 reference is compared with the two climate scenarios 2050 AplusCH and 2050 AminCL. Sand transport rates and mass balances are compared.<br>Next the 2050 AplusCH will act as a reference for the alternatives simulated with the same climate boundary conditions. The sand transport rates and mass balances of 2050 AplusCH, Chafing AplusCH, VaG AplusCH and VaH AplusCH are compared. For the VaG alternative the AminCL scenario was also compared with the reference.<br>The climate boundary conditions had a larger effect on the sand transport rates and the mass balances than the changes in bathymetry in the B-alternatives. Comparing only the alternatives, the effect of Chafing and VaH was in the same order of magnitude as the effect of the autonomous development. VaG had a much larger effect. ","AbstractOtherLang":"Een zandtransportmodel werd eerder reeds binnen het project Integraal Plan Boven-Zeeschelde gemaakt. Dit model werd “Scaldis Zand” genoemd. Het werd gevalideerd aan de hand van 13-uursmetingen langsheen de Zeeschelde. Dit model is bedoeld om zandtransport te simuleren en dus geen morfologie. Aangezien er over het ganse modeldomein ongelimiteerd zand aanwezig is, berekent dit model eerder de zandtransportcapaciteit dan het ogenblikkelijke zandtransport. Er wordt een uniforme korrelgrootte van 150 μm gebruikt, samen met de transportformule volgens Engelund en Hansen.<br>In dit rapport wordt dit model gebruikt om enkele scenario’s met B-alternatieven te berekenen. Onder scenario’s worden twee verschillende randvoorwaarden bedoeld die het effect van klimaatverandering trachten na te bootsen. Het gaat hier over een hoog (AplusCH) en een laag (AminCL) klimaatscenario. Onder B-alternatieven worden enkele bathymetrische aanpassingen aan de planvorm van het estuarium in de Boven-Zeeschelde bedoeld en dit in het jaar 2050. Het gaat over drie alternatieven onder de naam VaG, Chafing en VaH. Deze alternatieven en de klimaatrandvoorwaarden worden in het rapport uitgebreid beschreven.<br>In eerste instantie beschrijft dit rapport de effecten van de autonome ontwikkeling van het estuarium op het zandtransport in de Boven-Zeeschelde. Deze autonome ontwikkeling houdt alle ontwikkelingen van de bodem en planvorm in tussen de situatie 2013 en 2050. De randvoorwaarden blijven deze van 2013. Voor effecten wordt er gekeken naar verschillen in netto zandtransport over verschillende dwarssecties langsheen heel het estuarium. Verder wordt met behulp van al deze dwarssecties een massabalans opgemaakt voor zand voor het gebied tussen de dwarssecties.<br>In een tweede stap worden voor de situatie in 2050 de twee voornoemde klimaatrandvoorwaarden doorgerekend. Hiermee worden effecten van stijgende zeespiegel en veranderende getijslag op de zandtransportcapaciteit in 2050 in kaart gebracht.<br>Vervolgens worden de drie alternatieven doorgerekend met het meest ingrijpende klimaatscenario, AplusCH. De resultaten worden vergeleken met de resultaten van de 2050 situatie met dezelfde AplusCH randvoorwaarden. Op deze manier worden enkel de effecten van het aanpassen van de bodem en planvorm van de Boven-Zeeschelde onder het zwaarste klimaatscenario uitgelicht. Voor het VaG alternatief wordt ook de vergelijking met de referentie gemaakt voor het AminCL klimaatscenario.<br>Algemeen kan gesteld worden dat het effect van de klimaatscenario’s, en dan vooral AplusCH, op de zandtransportcapaciteit veel groter is dan de veranderingen in de bodem en planvorm binnen de alternatieven. De effecten van de alternatieven Chafing en VaH zijn in grootteorde gelijk aan de effecten van de autonome ontwikkeling. Het effect van het VaG alternatief is groter dan alle andere.","BibLvlCode":"MS","StandardTitle":"Integraal Plan Boven-Zeeschelde: sub report 11. 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