{"refrec":{"BRefID":3218,"RR":"<b>Vranken, G.; Vanderhaeghen, R.; Heip, C.H.R.</b> (1985). Toxicity of cadmium to free-living marine and brackish water nematodes (<i>Monhystera microphthalma, Monhystera disjuncta, Pellioditis marina</i>). <i>Dis. Aquat. Org. 1</i>: 49-58. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao001049\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao001049</a>","BEntID":3218,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Dis. Aquat. Org. 1</i>: 49-58. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao001049\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao001049</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":1,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Vranken, G.; Vanderhaeghen, R.; Heip, C.H.R.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Vranken, G. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Cadmium toxicity to 3 marine and brackish-water nematodes (<i>Monhystera microphthalma, M. disjuncta, Pellioditis marina</i>) was estimated under static tests. These nematodes are very resistant to cadmium poisoning. LC 50 values are extremely time-dependent; an exposure time of 96 h underestimates the degree of toxicity. For <i>M. disjuncta</i> LC 50 values were 21.1 and 18.4 ppm after 192 and 264 h respectively. <i>P. marina</i> was much more tolerant to cadmium in comparison with the monhysterids and had LC 50 values of 90.5 ppm at 120, and of 77.0 ppm at 192 h. 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