{"refrec":{"BRefID":322239,"RR":"<b>Kruizinga, S.</b> (2015). Sailing in uncharted waters: Four Dutch steamship companies during the First World War, 1914–1918. <i>Int .J. Marit. Hist. 27(2)</i>: 227-249. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871415571044\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871415571044</a>","BEntID":315704,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":0,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Int .J. Marit. Hist. 27(2)</i>: 227-249. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871415571044\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871415571044</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Kruizinga, S.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Kruizinga, S.","Englishabstract":"During the First World War, steamship companies based in neutral Holland were confronted by a number of very costly, war-related challenges. The conflict also brought unexpected windfalls: neutrality put these shipping firms in a unique position to profit from the worldwide disruption to global trade. In this article, I reconstruct thewartime balance sheets of four Dutch steamship companies, and relate my findings to an analysis of their wartime policies. My main conclusion is that these companies shared a remarkably similar fear of the post-War future which guided their wartime financial policies. 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