{"refrec":{"BRefID":322472,"RR":"<b>Welsh, J.E.; Steenhuis, P.; de Moraes, K.R.; van der Meer, J.; Thieltges, D.W.; Brussaard, C.P.D.</b> (2020). Marine virus predation by non-host organisms. <i>NPG Scientific Reports 10(1)</i>: 9 pp. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61691-y\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61691-y</a>","BEntID":315937,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>NPG Scientific Reports 10(1)</i>: 9 pp. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61691-y\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61691-y</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Welsh, J.E.; Steenhuis, P.; de Moraes, K.R.; van der Meer, J.; Thieltges, D.W.; Brussaard, C.P.D.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Welsh, J.E. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in marine environments, however, despite its potential ecological implications, little is known about virus removal by ambient non-host organisms. Here, we examined the effects of a variety of non-host organisms on the removal of viruses. The marine algal virus PgV-07T (infective to Phaeocystis globosa) can be discriminated from bacteriophages using flow cytometry, facilitating its use as a representative model system. Of all the non-host organisms tested, anemones, polychaete larvae, sea squirts, crabs, cockles, oysters and sponges significantly reduced viral abundance. The latter four species reduced viral abundance the most, by 90, 43, 12 and 98% over 24 h, respectively. Breadcrumb sponges instantly removed viruses at high rates (176 mL h(-1) g tissue dry wt(-1)) which continued over an extended period of time. The variety of non-host organisms capable of reducing viral abundance highlights that viral loss by ambient organisms is an overlooked avenue of viral ecology. Moreover, our finding that temperate sponges have the huge potential for constant and effective removal of viruses from the water column demonstrates that natural viral loss has, thus far, been underestimated.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Marine virus predation by non-host organisms","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-18 01:32:14.614743","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2020,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-09-22","DateCreate":"2020-03-26","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000563391100008","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1038/s41598-020-61691-y"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":322472,"PubliDate":2020,"Pagination":"9 pp","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"10","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":208093,"SerRR":"Scientific Reports (Nature Publishing Group). Nature Publishing Group: London.  ISSN 2045-2322; e-ISSN 2045-2322","StandardTitleSer":"Scientific Reports (Nature Publishing Group)","ISSN":"2045-2322","AbbrevSer":"NPG Scientific Reports","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":null,"Pages":null,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Welsh","Firstname":"Jennifer","Initials":"J.E.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":315937,"AutID":243420,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"COS","InsFSN":"Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek der Zee; Coastal Sciences","ORCID":null,"PersID":30011,"InsID":13656},{"AutName":"Steenhuis","Firstname":"Peter","Initials":"P.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":315937,"AutID":405310,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"de Moraes","Firstname":"Karlos Ribeiro","Initials":"K.R.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":315937,"AutID":405311,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"van der Meer","Firstname":"Jaap","Initials":"J.","Affiliation":"COS","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":315937,"AutID":322181,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"COS","InsFSN":"Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek der Zee; Coastal Sciences","ORCID":"0000-0003-4818-2408","PersID":2035,"InsID":13656},{"AutName":"Thieltges","Firstname":"David","Initials":"D.W.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":315937,"AutID":214505,"OrderNr":5,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"COS","InsFSN":"Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek der Zee; Coastal Sciences","ORCID":null,"PersID":8401,"InsID":13656},{"AutName":"Brussaard","Firstname":"Corina","Initials":"C.P.D.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":315937,"AutID":207976,"OrderNr":6,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"MMB","InsFSN":"Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek der Zee; Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry","ORCID":null,"PersID":10995,"InsID":13655}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":315937,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":343318,"LibID":36,"BRefID":322472,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":null,"ShelfLocCode":"343318","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"VLIZ Open Access","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":53,"Classification":"Open access","ReqLink":null,"ClassifTypID":1,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":null,"InternalReq":0,"LoggedInReq":0,"Disclaimer":null,"DutchDisclaimer":null,"FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null},{"BInstID":351278,"LibID":2779,"BRefID":322472,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"351278","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":null,"Acronym":null,"Library":"NIOZ","DutchTerm":null,"URL":null,"ClassifID":260,"Classification":"NIOZ Open Repository","ReqLink":null,"ClassifTypID":1,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":1,"InternalReq":null,"LoggedInReq":null,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_NIOZ","DutchDisclaimer":null,"FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":397,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":null,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"NIOZ","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":805,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Nature Publishing Group","City":"London"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":{"805":{"SpName":"Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek der Zee","SpColID":805,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"NIOZ","URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imis/nioz/imis.php?refid=","LibID":2779,"OpenRepoFlag":1,"SpTypID":1,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"NIOZ"}},"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":315937,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":315937,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://doi.org/10.4121/uuid:9dbe319e-c42e-4b47-a4ce-5d2e33243c1c","externalID":"10.4121/uuid:9dbe319e-c42e-4b47-a4ce-5d2e33243c1c","URLTypeCode":null,"URLID":85967,"URLTypID":37,"URLType":"Additional info","URLPrefix":null},{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61691-y","externalID":"10.1038/s41598-020-61691-y","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":81724,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":null,"taxterms":null,"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Chisala, Chilekwa, C.","newSesDate":{"date":"2020-03-26 11:41:58.800000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Leonne.van.der.Weegen@nioz.nl","updSesDate":{"date":"2020-09-22 11:09:51.463000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}