{"refrec":{"BRefID":322807,"RR":"<b>Br\u00fcckner, M.Z.M.; Schwarz, C.; van Dijk, W.M.; van Oorschot, M.; Douma, H.; Kleinhans, M.G.<\/b> (2019). Salt marsh establishment and eco-engineering effects in dynamic estuaries determined by species growth and mortality. <i>JGR: Earth Surface 124(12)<\/i>: 2962-2986. <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1029\/2019JF005092\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1029\/2019JF005092<\/a>","BEntID":316278,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>JGR: Earth Surface 124(12)<\/i>: 2962-2986. <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1029\/2019JF005092\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1029\/2019JF005092<\/a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":1,"BrackishFlag":1,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Br\u00fcckner, M.Z.M.; Schwarz, C.; van Dijk, W.M.; van Oorschot, M.; Douma, H.; Kleinhans, M.G.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Br\u00fcckner, M.Z.M. <i>et al.<\/i>","Englishabstract":"Growth conditions and eco-engineering effects of vegetation on local conditions in coastal environments have been extensively studied. However, interactions between salt marsh settling, growth, and mortality as a function of hydromorphology and eco-engineering lack sufficient understanding to forecast morphological development of dynamic systems. We predict salt marsh establishment with an ecomorphodynamic model that accounts for literature-based seasonal settling and life-stage-dependent growth and mortality of a generic salt marsh species. The model was coupled to a calibrated hydromorphodynamic model of an intertidal bar and, on a coarser grid, to the entire Western Scheldt estuary. To quantify the importance of eco-engineering effects we compared the dynamic model results to a static model approach. The ecomorphodynamic model reproduces spatial pattern, cover, and growth trends over 15 years. The modeled vegetation cover emerges from the combination of a positive and a new negative eco-engineering effect: vegetation reduces tidal flow strength facilitating plant survival while the developing salt marsh increases the hydroperiod, which limits large-scale marsh expansion. The reproduced spatial gradient in vegetation density by our model is strongly correlated to their life-stages, which underlines the importance of age-dependence when modeling vegetation and for predictions of the stability of the marsh. Upscaling of the model to the entire estuary on a coarser grid gives implications for grid size-dependent modeling of hydrodynamics and vegetation. In comparison with static model results, the eco-engineering effects reduce vegetation cover, showing the importance of vegetation dynamics for predictions of salt marsh growth.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Salt marsh establishment and eco-engineering effects in dynamic estuaries determined by species growth and mortality","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-04 01:32:21.713853","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"salt marsh; dynamic vegetation modeling; estuarine morphology;eco-engineering effects","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2019,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-04-21","DateCreate":"2020-04-07","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000503345300001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1029\/2019JF005092"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":322807,"PubliDate":2019,"Pagination":"2962-2986","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"124","Issue":"12","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":272091,"SerRR":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface. 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