{"refrec":{"BRefID":322891,"RR":"<b>van Elk, C.E.; van de Bildt, M.W.G.; van Run, P.R.W.A.; Bunskoek, P.; Meerbeek, J.; Foster, G.; Osterhaus, A.D.M.E.; Kuiken, T.</b> (2019). Clinical, pathological, and laboratory diagnoses of diseases of harbour porpoises (<i>Phocoena phocoena</i>), live stranded on the Dutch and adjacent coasts from 2003 to 2016. <i>Vet. Res. 50(1)</i>: 88. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13567-019-0706-3\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13567-019-0706-3</a>","BEntID":316362,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Vet. Res. 50(1)</i>: 88. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13567-019-0706-3\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13567-019-0706-3</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"van Elk, C.E.; van de Bildt, M.W.G.; van Run, P.R.W.A.; Bunskoek, P.; Meerbeek, J.; Foster, G.; Osterhaus, A.D.M.E.; Kuiken, T.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"van Elk, C.E. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Harbour porpoises (<i>Phocoena phocoena</i>) in the North Sea live in an environment heavily impacted by humans, the consequences of which are a concern for their health. Autopsies carried out on stranded harbour porpoises provide an opportunity to assess health problems in this species. We performed 61 autopsies on live-stranded harbour porpoises, which died following admission to a rehabilitation centre between 2003 and 2016. The animals had stranded on the Dutch (<i>n</i> = 52) and adjacent coasts of Belgium (<i>n</i> = 2) and Germany (<i>n</i> = 7). We assigned probable causes for stranding based on clinical and pathological criteria. Cause of stranding was associated in the majority of cases with pathologies in multiple organs (<i>n</i> = 29) compared to animals with pathologies in a single organ (<i>n</i> = 18). Our results show that the three most probable causes of stranding were pneumonia (<i>n</i> = 35), separation of calves from their mother (<i>n</i> = 10), and aspergillosis (<i>n</i> = 9). Pneumonia as a consequence of pulmonary nematode infection occurred in 19 animals. Pneumonia was significantly associated with infection with <i>Pseudalius inflexus, Halocercus</i> sp., and <i>Torynurus convolutus</i> but not with <i>Stenurus minor</i> infection. Half of the bacterial pneumonias (6/12) could not be associated with nematode infection. Conclusions from this study are that aspergillosis is an important probable cause for stranding, while parasitic infection is not a necessary prerequisite for bacterial pneumonia, and approximately half of the animals (29/61) probably&nbsp;stranded due to multiple causes. An important implication of the observed high prevalence of aspergillosis is that these harbour porpoises suffered from reduced immunocompetence.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Clinical, pathological, and laboratory diagnoses of diseases of harbour porpoises (<i>Phocoena phocoena</i>), live stranded on the Dutch and adjacent coasts from 2003 to 2016","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-15 01:33:22.506297","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2019,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-04-21","DateCreate":"2020-04-07","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000504917400002","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1186/s13567-019-0706-3"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":322891,"PubliDate":2019,"Pagination":"88","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"50","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":44064,"SerRR":"Veterinary Research. 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