{"refrec":{"BRefID":323150,"RR":"<b>Moeris, S.; Vanryckeghem, F.; Demeestere, K.; Huysman, S.; Vanhaecke, L.; De Schamphelaere, K.A.C.</b> (2019). Growth stimulation effects of environmentally realistic contaminant mixtures on a marine diatom. <i>Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 38(6)</i>: 1313-1322. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.4431\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.4431</a>","BEntID":316621,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 38(6)</i>: 1313-1322. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.4431\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.4431</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Moeris, S.; Vanryckeghem, F.; Demeestere, K.; Huysman, S.; Vanhaecke, L.; De Schamphelaere, K.A.C.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Moeris, S. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"To estimate mixture effects caused by the high number of chemicals simultaneously present in the environment, methods for routine effect assessment of environmentally realistic contaminant mixtures are needed. We repeatedly exposed the marine diatom <i>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</i> to Speedisk<sup>TM</sup> passive sampler extracts and observed statistically significant growth stimulation up to 6 and 7% for samples from inside and outside the harbor of Zeebrugge, respectively. These effects were found at summed contaminant concentrations (159–166&nbsp;ng&nbsp;L<sup>–1</sup>) that were within a 1.1‐&nbsp;to&nbsp;2.4‐fold range of those observed in grab water samples taken during sampler deployment. These stimulatory effects were confirmed in 2 independent tests with extracts stored for &lt;1&nbsp;or&nbsp;8&nbsp;mo that had undergone limited sample handling, whereas no effects were observed for extracts that had been stored for 16&nbsp;mo that had undergone repeated handling (notably repeated freezing and thawing) before biotest spiking. Targeted analysis by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography was performed to quantify 88 personal care products (<i>n</i> = 8), pesticides (<i>n</i> = 28), a<i>n</i>d pharmaceuticals (<i>n</i> = 52). Amo<i>n</i>g these compounds, multivariate statistical analysis put forward the β‐blocker atenolol as explaining most of the observed variation in mixture composition between the growth‐stimulating and no effect–causing extracts. However, when tested individually over the entire concentration range present in the extracts, atenolol did not have any effect on <i>P.&nbsp;tricornutum</i>, suggesting that nontargeted substances in the extracts may have contributed to the observed stimulatory effects. Nevertheless, the present study shows that exposure to contaminant mixtures at environmentally realistic concentrations can lead to small but significant growth stimulation effects on the marine diatom <i>P. tricornutum</i>.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Growth stimulation effects of environmentally realistic contaminant mixtures on a marine diatom","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-17 01:32:30.399709","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Growth stimulation; Mixture toxicology; Passive sampler; Realisticcontaminant mixtures","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2019,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-04-20","DateCreate":"2020-04-07","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000469271300016","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1002/etc.4431"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":323150,"PubliDate":2019,"Pagination":"1313-1322","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"38","Issue":"6","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42839,"SerRR":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. Setac Press: New York.  ISSN 0730-7268; e-ISSN 1552-8618","StandardTitleSer":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","ISSN":"0730-7268","AbbrevSer":"Environ. Toxicol. 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