{"refrec":{"BRefID":323151,"RR":"<b>Lee, H.; Lee, J.; Brown, M.T.; Park, J.; Vieira, C.; Han, T.</b> (2019). Toxicity testing of cosmetic ingredients using gametophyte beads of the brown alga <i>Undaria pinnatifida</i> (Laminariales, Phaeophyta). <i>J. Appl. Phycol. 31(3)</i>: 2011-2023. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-018-1669-x\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-018-1669-x</a>","BEntID":316622,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>J. Appl. Phycol. 31(3)</i>: 2011-2023. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-018-1669-x\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-018-1669-x</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Lee, H.; Lee, J.; Brown, M.T.; Park, J.; Vieira, C.; Han, T.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Lee, H. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"A 6-h toxicity test of cosmetic ingredients (methylparaben, 2-phenoxyethanol, sodium dodecyl sulfate, triethanolamine) was developed, based on the photosynthetic maximum quantum yield (<i>F</i><sub>v</sub>/<i>F</i><sub>m</sub>) of immobilized gametophytes of the brown macroalga <i>Undaria pinnatifida</i>. From calculated EC<sub>50</sub> values, the toxicity ranking of the tested ingredients is: SDS (0.0060%) &gt; MP (0.0634%) &gt; 2-PE (0.2418%) &gt; TEA (3.7023%). Compared to the results from conventional endpoints with other ecotoxicity test organisms, measurements of <i>F</i><sub>v</sub>/<i>F</i><sub>m</sub> is a more sensitive indicator of the toxic effects of cosmetic ingredients. The present technique is simple, rapid, practical, accurate, and requires little space to carry out. This novel method will be a useful tool for assessing the toxicity of a wide range of cosmetic ingredients once the respective sensitivities are fully established.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Toxicity testing of cosmetic ingredients using gametophyte beads of the brown alga <i>Undaria pinnatifida</i> (Laminariales, Phaeophyta)","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-10 01:32:28.681159","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Phaeophyceae; Undaria pinnatifida; Immobilized gametophytes; Alginatebead; Toxicity test; Cosmetic ingredients","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2019,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-04-14","DateCreate":"2020-04-07","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000469393600047","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1007/s10811-018-1669-x"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":323151,"PubliDate":2019,"Pagination":"2011-2023","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"31","Issue":"3","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43025,"SerRR":"Journal of Applied Phycology. 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