{"refrec":{"BRefID":323470,"RR":"<b>Williams, A.P.; Cook, E.R.; Smerdon, J.E.; Cook, B.I.; Abatzoglou, J.T.; Bolles, K.; Baek, S.H.; Badger, A.M.; Livneh, B.</b> (2020). Large contribution from anthropogenic warming to an emerging North American megadrought. <i>Science (Wash.) 368(6488)</i>: 314-318. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz9600\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz9600</a>","BEntID":316942,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Science (Wash.) 368(6488)</i>: 314-318. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz9600\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz9600</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Williams, A.P.; Cook, E.R.; Smerdon, J.E.; Cook, B.I.; Abatzoglou, J.T.; Bolles, K.; Baek, S.H.; Badger, A.M.; Livneh, B.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Williams, A.P. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Severe and persistent 21st-century drought in southwestern North America (SWNA) motivates comparisons to medieval megadroughts and questions about the role of anthropogenic climate change. We use hydrological modeling and new 1200-year tree-ring reconstructions of summer soil moisture to demonstrate that the 2000–2018 SWNA drought was the second driest 19-year period since 800 CE, exceeded only by a late-1500s megadrought. The megadrought-like trajectory of 2000–2018 soil moisture was driven by natural variability superimposed on drying due to anthropogenic warming. Anthropogenic trends in temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation estimated from 31 climate models account for 47% (model interquartiles of 35 to 105%) of the 2000–2018 drought severity, pushing an otherwise moderate drought onto a trajectory comparable to the worst SWNA megadroughts since 800 CE.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Large contribution from anthropogenic warming to an emerging North American megadrought","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-05-26 01:31:41.444964","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2020,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-04-17","DateCreate":"2020-04-17","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000526525400052","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1126/science.aaz9600"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":323470,"PubliDate":2020,"Pagination":"314-318","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"368","Issue":"6488","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43776,"SerRR":"Science (Washington). American Association for the Advancement of Science: New York, N.Y.  ISSN 0036-8075; e-ISSN 1095-9203","StandardTitleSer":"Science (Washington)","ISSN":"0036-8075","AbbrevSer":"Science (Wash.)","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":314,"Pages":5,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":[{"YBRefID":323464,"RefStrFull":"<b>Ault, T.R.</b> (2020). On the essentials of drought in a changing climate. <i>Science (Wash.) 368(6488)</i>: 256-260. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz5492\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz5492</a>","RelID":4,"Relation":"Related to","StandardTitle":"On the essentials of drought in a changing climate"},{"YBRefID":323468,"RefStrFull":"<b>Stahle, D.W.</b> (2020). Anthropogenic megadrought. <i>Science (Wash.) 368(6488)</i>: 238-239. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb6902\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb6902</a>","RelID":4,"Relation":"Related to","StandardTitle":"Anthropogenic megadrought"},{"YBRefID":323462,"RefStrFull":"<b>Wade, L.</b> (2020). Engineering an empire. <i>Science (Wash.) 368(6488)</i>: 234-237. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.368.6488.234\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.368.6488.234</a>","RelID":4,"Relation":"Related to","StandardTitle":"Engineering an 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