{"refrec":{"BRefID":324262,"RR":"<b>Unger, R.W. (Ed.)</b> (2011). Shipping and economic growth 1350-1850. Brill: Leiden/Boston. ISBN 978 90 04 19439 7. 464 pp. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004194397.i-464\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004194397.i-464</a>","BEntID":317738,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":0,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". Brill: Leiden/Boston. ISBN 978 90 04 19439 7. 464 pp. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004194397.i-464\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004194397.i-464</a>","DocTypID":5,"DocType":"Book/Monograph","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Unger, R.W. (Ed.)","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Unger, R.W. (Ed.)","Englishabstract":"In sixteen essays authors explore the dramatic rise in the efficiency of European shipping in the three centuries before the Industrial Revolution. They offer reasons for the greater success of the sector than any other in making better use of labor. They describe the roots - political, organizational, technological, ecological, human - of rising productivity, treating those sources both theoretically and empirically. Comparisons with China show why Europeans came to dominate Asian waters. 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