{"refrec":{"BRefID":325050,"RR":"<b>Adam, I.; Walker, T.R.; Bezerra, J.C.; Clayton, A.</b> (2020). Policies to reduce single-use plastic marine pollution in West Africa. <i>Mar. Policy 116</i>: 103928. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103928\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103928</a>","BEntID":318527,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Mar. Policy 116</i>: 103928. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103928\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103928</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Adam, I.; Walker, T.R.; Bezerra, J.C.; Clayton, A.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Adam, I. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Countries in Africa are increasingly adopting policies to reduce single-use plastic (SUP) pollution, yet there has been limited analysis of policies adopted by African countries. This paper reviews SUP reduction policies, specifically in West Africa. The main policy instruments used by countries in West Africa is legislative SUP bans mostly on plastic grocery bags. Of the 16 countries, 11 have instituted bans, one has a market-based instrument and rest (4) with no strategy. Bans carry hefty punishments (i.e., fines and prison sentences). However, there is limited consultation when drafting bans, no national campaigns, and limited notification (less than one year) between ban announcement and subsequent implementation. There are no provisions for re-useable alternatives. We recommend current and future policies to reduce SUPs should engage stakeholders, allow sufficient time between announcement and implementation where the policy should be widely publicised. Governments are encouraged to offer inexpensive re-useable alternatives.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Policies to reduce single-use plastic marine pollution in West Africa","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-11 01:32:39.696665","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Marine plastic pollution; Single-use plastics (SUPs); Plastic bags; Plastic bag bans; Plastic litter","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2020,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-06-11","DateCreate":"2020-06-11","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000531028400032","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103928"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":325050,"PubliDate":2020,"Pagination":"103928","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"116","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43519,"SerRR":"Marine Policy. 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