{"refrec":{"BRefID":325358,"RR":"<b>Barnett, A.F.; Gledhill, J.H.; Griffitt, R.J.; Slattery, M.; Gochfeld, D.J.; Willett, K.L.</b> (2020). Combined and independent effects of hypoxia and tributyltin on mRNA expression and physiology of the Eastern oyster (<i>Crassostrea virginica</i>). <i>NPG Scientific Reports 10(1)</i>: 13 pp. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67650-x\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67650-x</a>","BEntID":318835,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>NPG Scientific Reports 10(1)</i>: 13 pp. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67650-x\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67650-x</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Barnett, A.F.; Gledhill, J.H.; Griffitt, R.J.; Slattery, M.; Gochfeld, D.J.; Willett, K.L.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Barnett, A.F. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Oyster reefs are vital to estuarine health, but they experience multiple stressors and globally declining populations. This study examined effects of hypoxia and tributyltin (TBT) on adult Eastern oysters (<i>Crassostrea virginica</i>) exposed either in the laboratory or the field following a natural hypoxic event. In the laboratory, oysters were exposed to either hypoxia followed by a recovery period, or to hypoxia combined with TBT. mRNA expression of <i>HIF1-α</i> and <i>Tβ-4</i> along with hemocyte counts, biomarkers of hypoxic stress and immune health, respectively, were measured. In field-deployed oysters, <i>HIF1-α</i> and <i>Tβ-4</i> expression increased, while no effect on hemocytes was observed. In contrast, after 6 and 8&nbsp;days of laboratory-based hypoxia exposure, both <i>Tβ-4</i> expression and hemocyte counts declined. After 8&nbsp;days of exposure to hypoxia + TBT, oysters substantially up-regulated <i>HIF1-α</i> and down-regulated <i>Tβ-4</i>, although hemocyte counts were unaffected. Results suggest that hypoxic exposure induces immunosuppression which could increase vulnerability to pathogens.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Combined and independent effects of hypoxia and tributyltin on mRNA expression and physiology of the Eastern oyster (<i>Crassostrea virginica</i>)","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-05-12 01:33:58.387567","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2020,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-07-02","DateCreate":"2020-07-02","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000548353500005","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1038/s41598-020-67650-x"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":325358,"PubliDate":2020,"Pagination":"13 pp","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"10","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":208093,"SerRR":"Scientific Reports (Nature Publishing Group). 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