{"refrec":{"BRefID":32917,"RR":"<b>Shoemaker, C.A.; Evans, J.J.; Klesius, Ph.H.</b> (2000). Density and dose: factors affecting mortality of <i>Streptococcus iniae</i> infected tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>). <i>Aquaculture 188</i>: 229-235. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00346-X\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00346-X</a>","BEntID":32917,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Aquaculture 188</i>: 229-235. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00346-X\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00346-X</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Shoemaker, C.A.; Evans, J.J.; Klesius, Ph.H.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Shoemaker, C.A.; Evans, J.J.; Klesius, Ph.H.","Englishabstract":"Fish density and infectious dose have been suspected to affect the mortality rate of cultured fish exposed to <i>Streptococcus iniae</i>. We determined the effects of <i>S. iniae</i> dose and tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) density on streptococcal disease mortality. Tilapia with a mean weight of 12.7 g were used and maintained at 25±1°C in aquaria supplied with flow-through water at 0.5 l/min with a 12 h light: 12 h dark cycle. Density and dose were evaluated by stocking tilapia at low (5.6 g/l), medium (11.2 g/l) and high (22.4 g/l) density and administering 2.5×107, 5×107 and 1×108 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml of <i>S. iniae</i> by immersion (5 tanks per density and dose, 45 total tanks). Mortality was monitored for 28 days post challenge. A significant difference (P<0.05) was seen in mortality when comparing low (4.8%) and medium (28.4%) and low and high (25.6%) density treatments. No significant difference was observed when comparing medium -and high-density treatments. Two-way analysis of variance demonstrated density had a significant effect on <i>S. iniae</i> mortality (P=0.0001). Doses had little effect on mortality, except at high density by dose which did show a significant interaction (P=0.001). We have demonstrated density has a significant effect on streptococcal disease mortality in tilapia exposed to <i>S. iniae</i> by immersion. We also evaluated infection of susceptible tilapia using dead/moribund <i>S. iniae</i> infected fish (i.e., cohabitation by placing five dead/moribund fish into tanks for 48 h). No significant difference in mortality pattern was observed between immersion in 8.6×107 CFU/ml <i>S. iniae</i> (37.6% and 34.6%) and cohabitation with <i>S. iniae</i> infected tilapia (24.0%). Although, densities used were less than in most water-reuse production systems (30-290 g/l), tilapia density of 11.2 g/l and above was an important factor in mortality of tilapia infected with <i>S. iniae</i>. A health-management strategy would be to reduce fish density thus lowering streptococcal disease mortality.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Density and dose: factors affecting mortality of <i>Streptococcus iniae</i> infected tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>)","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2000,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2003-06-11","DateCreate":"2003-03-06","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000087952800003","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00346-X"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":32917,"PubliDate":2000,"Pagination":"229-235","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"188","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42190,"SerRR":"Aquaculture. Elsevier: Amsterdam; London; New York; Oxford; Tokyo.  ISSN 0044-8486; e-ISSN 1873-5622","StandardTitleSer":"Aquaculture","ISSN":"0044-8486","AbbrevSer":"Aquaculture","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":229,"Pages":7,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Shoemaker","Firstname":"Craig","Initials":"C.A.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":32917,"AutID":35436,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Evans","Firstname":"Joyce","Initials":"J.J.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":32917,"AutID":35437,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Klesius","Firstname":"Philip","Initials":"Ph.H.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":32917,"AutID":35438,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":32917,"LibID":36,"BRefID":32917,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"32917","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"VLIZ Open Access","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":53,"Classification":"Open access","ReqLink":null,"ClassifTypID":1,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":null,"InternalReq":0,"LoggedInReq":0,"Disclaimer":null,"DutchDisclaimer":null,"FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Elsevier","City":"Amsterdam; London; New York; Oxford; Tokyo"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":null,"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":32917,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00346-X","externalID":"10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00346-X","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":110428,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":null,"taxterms":null,"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Milh, Dominique, D.","newSesDate":{"date":"2003-03-06 10:16:22.070000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Haspeslagh, Jan, J.","updSesDate":{"date":"2003-06-11 10:24:02.760000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}