{"refrec":{"BRefID":329336,"RR":"<b>Castrillejo, M.; Witbaard, R.; Richardson, C.A.; Dekker, R.; Welte, C.; Wacker, L.; Christl, M.</b> (2020). Impact of nuclear fuel reprocessing on the temporal evolution of marine radiocarbon. <i>Sci. Total Environ. 738</i>: 139700. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139700\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139700</a>","BEntID":322942,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Sci. Total Environ. 738</i>: 139700. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139700\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139700</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Castrillejo, M.; Witbaard, R.; Richardson, C.A.; Dekker, R.; Welte, C.; Wacker, L.; Christl, M.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Castrillejo, M. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Radiocarbon (<sup>14</sup>C) is broadly used in oceanography to determine water ages, trace water circulation, and develop sediment- and sclerochronologies. These applications require an accurate knowledge of marine <sup>14</sup>C levels, which have been largely perturbed by human activities. Globally during the last century the above-ground nuclear weapon testings have been the primary cause of the increased atmospheric and marine <sup>14</sup>C. However, other anthropogenic sources may have caused important regional deviations from the bomb pulse. For the last 70 years European nuclear fuel reprocessing plants have been major contributors of <sup>14</sup>C to air and oceans, yet, their regional impact on surrounding marine <sup>14</sup>C has been largely overlooked. Here we use a collection of bivalve shells of known capture date and age collected from various locations, including the North Sea, the Irish Sea, Norway, and the Bay of Biscay to reconstruct the sea surface <sup>14</sup>C over the last five decades. The measured <sup>14</sup>C values for the period 1969–2019, reported in fraction modern, ranged from 1.1 to 1.6 in coastal waters of the Netherlands and from 1.2 to 3.2 along the coast of the UK, indicating significantly higher levels of <sup>14</sup>C than those expected for the marine bomb pulse (0.950–1.150). The <sup>14</sup>C peaks revealed by the shells coincide with the increase of liquid <sup>14</sup>C releases reported from the reprocessing plants of La Hague into the English Channel, and from Sellafield into the Irish Sea. Conversely, the shells from Norway and Spain showed <sup>14</sup>C values close to the range of the global marine bomb pulse. The observed large spatial and temporal differences in sea surface <sup>14</sup>C show that <sup>14</sup>C dating and tracing studies could become problematic in the English Channel, Irish Sea and North Sea for the time period covering the discharge of liquid <sup>14</sup>C from the reprocessing plants.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Impact of nuclear fuel reprocessing on the temporal evolution of marine radiocarbon","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-18 01:32:19.396414","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Nuclear waste; Contamination; Radiocarbon; <sup>14</sup>C; Sclerochronology; Cockle","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2020,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-09-15","DateCreate":"2020-09-15","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000560045000003","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139700"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":329336,"PubliDate":2020,"Pagination":"139700","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"738","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43780,"SerRR":"Science of the Total Environment. Elsevier: Amsterdam.  ISSN 0048-9697; e-ISSN 1879-1026","StandardTitleSer":"Science of the Total Environment","ISSN":"0048-9697","AbbrevSer":"Sci. 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