{"refrec":{"BRefID":329359,"RR":"<b>Berglund, A.; Rosenqvist, G.</b> (2009). An intimidating ornament in a female pipefish. <i>Behav. Ecol. 20(1)</i>: 54-59. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arn114\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arn114</a>","BEntID":322965,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Behav. Ecol. 20(1)</i>: 54-59. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arn114\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arn114</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Berglund, A.; Rosenqvist, G.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Berglund, A.; Rosenqvist, G.","Englishabstract":"A sexually selected signal may serve a dual function being both attractive to mates and deterring rivals. Presently, there are few unambiguous demonstrations of an ornament functioning in both a mate choice and mate competition context and none regarding female ornaments. We have shown earlier that a temporary ornament, a striped pattern, in a sex-role reversed female pipefish, <em>Syngnathus typhle</em>, attracts males. Here we show that this ornament also intimidates rival females: in one experiment a male could interact with either 1 or 2 females. Latency until copulation was longer when 2, rather than 1, females were present. Moreover, when 2 females were present, competition lasted longer and time until mating took place increased when females displayed their ornaments more equally. In another experiment, a focal female could see 1 stimulus female and 1 stimulus male, the latter 2 being unaware of each other. The ornament of the stimulus female was manipulated, either strengthened by being painted black or left unaltered by being sham-painted. As a result, focal females experiencing black-painted stimulus females decreased courtship as well as competitive activities compared with focal females seeing sham-painted females. Moreover, focal females seeing black-painted females displayed less of their own ornament compared with controls. This decrease was due to a decrease in display toward males rather than to stimulus females. Thus, this female ornament indeed has a dual function, attracting mates and deterring rivals. In addition, the social costs invoked by this intimidating effect on rivals may help to maintain signal honesty.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"An intimidating ornament in a female pipefish","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-10 01:32:31.837669","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"mating competition, ornament, pipefish, sex-role reversal, status badge","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2009,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-09-15","DateCreate":"2020-09-15","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000262152300007","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1093/beheco/arn114"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":329359,"PubliDate":2009,"Pagination":"54-59","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"20","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":45962,"SerRR":"Behavioral Ecology. 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