{"refrec":{"BRefID":329714,"RR":"<b>Rau, G.H.; Knauss, K.G.; Langer, W.H.; Caldeira, K.</b> (2007). Reducing energy-related CO<sub>2</sub> emissions using accelerated weathering of limestone. <i>Energy (Oxf.) 32(8)</i>: 1471-1477. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2006.10.011\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2006.10.011</a>","BEntID":323321,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Energy (Oxf.) 32(8)</i>: 1471-1477. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2006.10.011\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2006.10.011</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Rau, G.H.; Knauss, K.G.; Langer, W.H.; Caldeira, K.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Rau, G.H. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The use and impacts of accelerated weathering of limestone (AWL; reaction: CO<sub>2</sub>+H<sub>2</sub>O+CaCO<sub>3</sub>→Ca<sup>2+</sup>+2(HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) is explored as a CO<sub>2</sub> capture and sequestration method. It is shown that significant limestone resources are relatively close to a majority of CO<sub>2</sub>-emitting power plants along the coastal US, a favored siting location for AWL. Waste fines, representing more than 20% of current US crushed limestone production (>10<sup>9</sup> tonnes/yr), could provide an inexpensive or free source of AWL carbonate. With limestone transportation then as the dominant cost variable, CO<sub>2</sub> mitigation costs of $3-$4/tonne appear to be possible in certain locations. Perhaps 10–20% of US point–source CO<sub>2</sub> emissions could be mitigated in this fashion. It is experimentally shown that CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration rates of 10<sup>−6</sup> to 10<sup>−5</sup> moles/sec per m<sup>2</sup> of limestone surface area are achievable, with reaction densities on the order of 10<sup>−2</sup> tonnes CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−3</sup>day<sup>−1</sup>, highly dependent on limestone particle size, solution turbulence and flow, and CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. Modeling shows that AWL would allow carbon storage in the ocean with significantly reduced impacts to seawater pH relative to direct CO<sub>2</sub> disposal into the atmosphere or sea. The addition of AWL-derived alkalinity to the ocean may itself be beneficial for marine biota.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Reducing energy-related CO<sub>2</sub> emissions using accelerated weathering of limestone","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-16 01:33:18.828553","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"CO2; Power plant; Mitigation; Capture; Sequestration; Storage; Limestone; Ocean","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2007,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2021-04-19","DateCreate":"2020-10-01","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000247662200018","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.energy.2006.10.011"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":329714,"PubliDate":2007,"Pagination":"1471-1477","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"32","Issue":"8","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42823,"SerRR":"Energy (Oxford). Pergamon Press: Oxford; New York.  ISSN 0360-5442; e-ISSN 1873-6785","StandardTitleSer":"Energy (Oxford)","ISSN":"0360-5442","AbbrevSer":"Energy (Oxf.)","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":1471,"Pages":7,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Rau","Firstname":"Greg","Initials":"G.H.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":323321,"AutID":374924,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Knauss","Firstname":"Kevin","Initials":"K.G.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":323321,"AutID":426073,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Langer","Firstname":"William","Initials":"W.H.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":323321,"AutID":426074,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Caldeira","Firstname":"Ken","Initials":"K.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":323321,"AutID":41015,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":351572,"LibID":36,"BRefID":329714,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":null,"ShelfLocCode":"351572","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"Interne VLIZ documenten","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Non-open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":228,"Classification":"Non-open access","ReqLink":1,"ClassifTypID":3,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":1,"InternalReq":1,"LoggedInReq":1,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_VLIZ_Intern","DutchDisclaimer":"<p>Deze publicatie is enkel beschikbaar voor persoonlijk gebruik binnen de Innovocean site <br />en mag op geen enkele manier verder worden verspreid.</p>","FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Pergamon Press","City":"Oxford; New York"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":{"1018":{"SpName":"BIN klimaatmitigatiepotentieel oceaan","SpColID":1018,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"BIN klimaatmitigatiepotentieel oceaan","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"BIN klimaatmitigatiepotentieel oceaan"}},"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":323321,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":323321,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2006.10.011","externalID":"10.1016/j.energy.2006.10.011","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":86144,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":null,"taxterms":null,"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Bouchti, Zohra, Z.","newSesDate":{"date":"2020-10-01 08:14:00.300000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Chisala, Chilekwa, C.","updSesDate":{"date":"2021-04-19 13:52:13.983000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}