{"refrec":{"BRefID":329922,"RR":"<b>Villanueva, L.; von Meijenfeldt, F.A.B.; Westbye, A.B.; Yadav, S.; Hopmans, E.C.; Dutilh, B.E.; Sinninghe Damsté, J.S</b> (2021). Bridging the membrane lipid divide: bacteria of the FCB group superphylum have the potential to synthesize archaeal ether lipids. <i>ISME J. 15</i>: 168-182. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-00772-2\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-00772-2</a>","BEntID":323529,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>ISME J. 15</i>: 168-182. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-00772-2\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-00772-2</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Villanueva, L.; von Meijenfeldt, F.A.B.; Westbye, A.B.; Yadav, S.; Hopmans, E.C.; Dutilh, B.E.; Sinninghe Damsté, J.S","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Villanueva, L. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Archaea synthesize membranes of isoprenoid lipids that are ether-linked to glycerol-1-phosphate (G1P), while Bacteria/Eukarya produce membranes consisting of fatty acids ester-bound to glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P). This dichotomy in membrane lipid composition (i.e., the ‘lipid divide’) is believed to have arisen after the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA). A leading hypothesis is that LUCA possessed a heterochiral ‘mixed archaeal/bacterial membrane’. However, no natural microbial representatives supporting this scenario have been shown to exist today. Here, we demonstrate that bacteria of the Fibrobacteres–Chlorobi–Bacteroidetes (FCB) group superphylum encode a putative archaeal pathway for ether-bound isoprenoid membrane lipids in addition to the bacterial fatty acid membrane pathway. Key genes were expressed in the environment and their recombinant expression in <i>Escherichia coli</i> resulted in the formation of a ‘mixed archaeal/bacterial membrane’. Genomic evidence and biochemical assays suggest that the archaeal-like lipids of members of the FCB group could possess either a G1P or G3P stereochemistry. Our results support the existence of ‘mixed membranes’ in natural environments and their stability over a long period in evolutionary history, thereby bridging a once-thought fundamental divide in biology.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Bridging the membrane lipid divide: bacteria of the FCB group superphylum have the potential to synthesize archaeal ether lipids","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-10 01:32:32.243944","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2021,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2021-02-02","DateCreate":"2020-10-06","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000569786000001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1038/s41396-020-00772-2"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":329922,"PubliDate":2021,"Pagination":"168-182","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"15","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":120798,"SerRR":"The ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology. Nature Publishing Group: London.  ISSN 1751-7362; e-ISSN 1751-7370","StandardTitleSer":"The ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology","ISSN":"1751-7362","AbbrevSer":"ISME J.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":168,"Pages":15,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Villanueva","Firstname":"Laura","Initials":"L.","Affiliation":"MMB","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":323529,"AutID":211317,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"MMB","InsFSN":"Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek der Zee; Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry","ORCID":"0000-0001-5659-8599","PersID":29995,"InsID":13655},{"AutName":"von Meijenfeldt","Firstname":"F. A. 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