{"refrec":{"BRefID":330004,"RR":"<b>Tian, Hanqin; Xu, Rongting; Canadell, Josep G.; Thompson, Rona L.; Winiwarter, Wilfried; Suntharalingam, Parvadha; Davidson, Eric A.; Ciais, Philippe; Jackson, Robert B.; Janssens-Maenhout, Greet; Prather, Michael J.; Regnier, Pierre; Pan, Naiqing; Pan, Shufen; Peters, Glen P.; Shi, Hao; Tubiello, Francesco N.; Zaehle, Sönke; Zhou, Feng; Arneth, Almut; Battaglia, Gianna; Berthet, Sarah; Bopp, Laurent; Bouwman, Alexander F.; Buitenhuis, Erik T.; Chang, Jinfeng; Chipperfield, Martyn P.; Dangal, Shree R. S.; Dlugokencky, Edward; Elkins, James W.; Eyre, Bradley D.; Fu, Bojie; Hall, Bradley; Ito, Akihiko; Joos, Fortunat; Krummel, Paul B.; Landolfi, Angela; Laruelle, Goulven G.; Lauerwald, Ronny; Li, Wei; Lienert, Sebastian; Maavara, Taylor; MacLeod, Michael; Millet, Dylan B.; Olin, Stefan; Patra, Prabir K.; Prinn, Ronald G.; Raymond, Peter A.; Ruiz, Daniel J.; van der Werf, Guido R.; Vuichard, Nicolas; Wang, Junjie; Weiss, Ray F.; Wells, Kelley C.; Wilson, Chris; Yang, Jia; Yao, Yuanzhi</b> (2020). A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks. <i>Nature (Lond.) 586(7828)</i>: 248-256. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2780-0\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2780-0</a>","BEntID":323611,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Nature (Lond.) 586(7828)</i>: 248-256. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2780-0\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2780-0</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Tian, Hanqin; Xu, Rongting; Canadell, Josep G.; Thompson, Rona L.; Winiwarter, Wilfried; Suntharalingam, Parvadha; Davidson, Eric A.; Ciais, Philippe; Jackson, Robert B.; Janssens-Maenhout, Greet; Prather, Michael J.; Regnier, Pierre; Pan, Naiqing; Pan, Shufen; Peters, Glen P.; Shi, Hao; Tubiello, Francesco N.; Zaehle, Sönke; Zhou, Feng; Arneth, Almut; Battaglia, Gianna; Berthet, Sarah; Bopp, Laurent; Bouwman, Alexander F.; Buitenhuis, Erik T.; Chang, Jinfeng; Chipperfield, Martyn P.; Dangal, Shree R. S.; Dlugokencky, Edward; Elkins, James W.; Eyre, Bradley D.; Fu, Bojie; Hall, Bradley; Ito, Akihiko; Joos, Fortunat; Krummel, Paul B.; Landolfi, Angela; Laruelle, Goulven G.; Lauerwald, Ronny; Li, Wei; Lienert, Sebastian; Maavara, Taylor; MacLeod, Michael; Millet, Dylan B.; Olin, Stefan; Patra, Prabir K.; Prinn, Ronald G.; Raymond, Peter A.; Ruiz, Daniel J.; van der Werf, Guido R.; Vuichard, Nicolas; Wang, Junjie; Weiss, Ray F.; Wells, Kelley C.; Wilson, Chris; Yang, Jia; Yao, Yuanzhi","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Tian, Hanqin <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Nitrous oxide (N<SUB>2</SUB>O), like carbon dioxide, is a long-lived greenhouse gas that accumulates in the atmosphere. Over the past 150 years, increasing atmospheric N<SUB>2</SUB>O concentrations have contributed to stratospheric ozone depletion and climate change, with the current rate of increase estimated at 2 per cent per decade. Existing national inventories do not provide a full picture of N<SUB>2</SUB>O emissions, owing to their omission of natural sources and limitations in methodology for attributing anthropogenic sources. Here we present a global N<SUB>2</SUB>O inventory that incorporates both natural and anthropogenic sources and accounts for the interaction between nitrogen additions and the biochemical processes that control N<SUB>2</SUB>O emissions. We use bottom-up (inventory, statistical extrapolation of flux measurements, process-based land and ocean modelling) and top-down (atmospheric inversion) approaches to provide a comprehensive quantification of global N<SUB>2</SUB>O sources and sinks resulting from 21 natural and human sectors between 1980 and 2016. Global N<SUB>2</SUB>O emissions were 17.0 (minimum–maximum estimates: 12.2–23.5) teragrams of nitrogen per year (bottom-up) and 16.9 (15.9–17.7) teragrams of nitrogen per year (top-down) between 2007 and 2016. Global human-induced emissions, which are dominated by nitrogen additions to croplands, increased by 30% over the past four decades to 7.3 (4.2–11.4) teragrams of nitrogen per year. This increase was mainly responsible for the growth in the atmospheric burden. Our findings point to growing N<SUB>2</SUB>O emissions in emerging economies—particularly Brazil, China and India. Analysis of process-based model estimates reveals an emerging N<SUB>2</SUB>O–climate feedback resulting from interactions between nitrogen additions and climate change. The recent growth in N<SUB>2</SUB>O emissions exceeds some of the highest projected emission scenarios, underscoring the urgency to mitigate N<SUB>2</SUB>O emissions.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-06 01:34:20.005325","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2020,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2021-05-17","DateCreate":"2020-10-08","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000576034100019","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1038/s41586-020-2780-0"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":330004,"PubliDate":2020,"Pagination":"248-256","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"586","Issue":"7828","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43431,"SerRR":"Nature: International Weekly Journal of Science. Nature Publishing Group: London.  ISSN 0028-0836; e-ISSN 1476-4687","StandardTitleSer":"Nature: International Weekly Journal of Science","ISSN":"0028-0836","AbbrevSer":"Nature (Lond.)","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":248,"Pages":9,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Janssens-Maenhout","Firstname":"Greet","Initials":"G.","Affiliation":"Ghent University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture ","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":323611,"AutID":426837,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"FirW","InsFSN":"Universiteit Gent; Faculteit Ingenieurswetenschappen en Architectuur","ORCID":"0000-0002-9335-0709","PersID":39452,"InsID":7706},{"AutName":"Regnier","Firstname":"Pierre","Initials":"P.","Affiliation":"Department of Geoscience, Environment & Society, Université Libre de Bruxelles","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":323611,"AutID":426838,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"DSTE","InsFSN":"Université Libre de Bruxelles; 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