{"refrec":{"BRefID":330888,"RR":"<b>Pita, L.; Hoeppner, M.P.; Ribes, M.; Hentschel, U.</b> (2018). Differential expression of immune receptors in two marine sponges upon exposure to microbial-associated molecular patterns. <i>NPG Scientific Reports 8(1)</i>: 16081. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34330-w\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34330-w</a>","BEntID":324498,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>NPG Scientific Reports 8(1)</i>: 16081. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34330-w\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34330-w</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Pita, L.; Hoeppner, M.P.; Ribes, M.; Hentschel, U.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Pita, L. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The innate immune system helps animals to navigate the microbial world. The response to microbes relies on the specific recognition of microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by immune receptors. Sponges (phylum Porifera), as early-diverging animals, provide insights into conserved mechanisms for animal-microbe crosstalk. However, experimental data is limited. We adopted an experimental approach followed by RNA-Seq and differential gene expression analysis in order to characterise the sponge immune response. Two Mediterranean species, <i>Aplysina aerophoba</i> and <i>Dysidea avara</i>, were exposed to a “cocktail” of MAMPs (lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan) or to sterile artificial seawater (control) and sampled 1 h, 3 h, and 5 h post-treatment for RNA-Seq. The response involved, first and foremost, a higher number of differentially-expressed genes in <i>A</i>. <i>aerophoba</i> than <i>D</i>. <i>avara</i>. Secondly, while both species constitutively express a diverse repertoire of immune receptors, they differed in their expression profiles upon MAMP challenge. The response in <i>D</i>. <i>avara</i> was mediated by increased expression of two NLR genes, whereas the response in <i>A</i>. <i>aerophoba</i> involved SRCR and GPCR genes. From the set of annotated genes we infer that both species activated apoptosis in response to MAMPs while in <i>A</i>. <i>aerophoba</i> phagocytosis was additionally stimulated. Our study assessed for the first time the transcriptomic responses of sponges to MAMPs and revealed conserved and species-specific features of poriferan immunity as well as genes potentially relevant to animal-microbe interactions.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Differential expression of immune receptors in two marine sponges upon exposure to microbial-associated molecular patterns","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-20 01:32:40.874860","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2018,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-11-13","DateCreate":"2020-11-13","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000448813200002","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1038/s41598-018-34330-w"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":330888,"PubliDate":2018,"Pagination":"16081","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"8","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":208093,"SerRR":"Scientific Reports (Nature Publishing Group). 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