{"refrec":{"BRefID":330974,"RR":"<b>Gloeckner, V.; Hentschel, U.; Ereskovsky, A.V.; Schmitt, S.</b> (2013). Unique and species-specific microbial communities in <i>Oscarella lobularis</i> and other Mediterranean <i>Oscarella</i> species (Porifera: Homoscleromorpha). <i>Mar. Biol. (Berl.) 160(4)</i>: 781-791. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-012-2133-0\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-012-2133-0</a>","BEntID":324585,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Mar. Biol. (Berl.) 160(4)</i>: 781-791. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-012-2133-0\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-012-2133-0</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Gloeckner, V.; Hentschel, U.; Ereskovsky, A.V.; Schmitt, S.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Gloeckner, V. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Homoscleromorph sponges such as <i>Oscarella</i> spp. are characterized by unique morphological features, and Homoscleromorpha were therefore recently proposed as the fourth class of sponges. The microbiology of these sponges was mainly studied by electron microscopy while molecular studies are scarce. The aim of this study was to characterize the bacteria in <i>Oscarella</i> sponges using molecular tools. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed distinct bacterial profiles in five <i>Oscarella</i> species and several color morphs of <i>Oscarella lobularis.</i> These profiles are characteristic of low microbial abundance (LMA) sponges. This was further confirmed by analysis of a 16S rRNA clone library from <i>O. lobularis</i> that yielded a low phylum-level diversity with dominance of Alphaproteobacteria. Bacterial communities in <i>O. lobularis</i> were very similar among different individuals (collected at the same site and time), five different color morphs, and specimens from different depths and locations, indicating a species-specific association. 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