{"refrec":{"BRefID":331150,"RR":"<b>Cerrano, C.; Totti, C.; Sponga, F.; Bavestrello, G.</b> (2006). Summer disease in <i>Parazoanthus axinellae</i> (Schmidt, 1862) (Cnidaria, Zoanthidea). <i>Ital. J. Zoolog. 73(4)</i>: 355-361. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11250000600911675\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11250000600911675</a>","BEntID":324761,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Ital. J. Zoolog. 73(4)</i>: 355-361. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11250000600911675\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11250000600911675</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Cerrano, C.; Totti, C.; Sponga, F.; Bavestrello, G.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Cerrano, C. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Climate change is affecting marine environments all over the world but scientists' attention is mainly devoted to tropical areas. In the Mediterranean Sea, species with a cold affinity are decreasing very fast from 0 to 40&nbsp;m depth, while warm water species increase. From 2000, several populations of the zoanthid <i>Parazoanthus axinellae</i> (Schmidt 1882) have been showing signs of suffering along the Ligurian coast. Here we report a three‐year monitoring, from June 2001 to September 2003, of a population of <i>P. axinellae</i> on the rocky cliff of the Portofino Promontory (Ligurian Sea). During this span of time the population, which covered an area of several square metres with a density of about 1&nbsp;polyp&nbsp;cm<sup>−2</sup>, was severely reduced. In the meanwhile an encrusting sponge, <i>Crambe crambe</i>, rapidly colonized the free substrates abandoned by the zoanthid. Warm water and the massive proliferation of a cyanobacterium attributed to the genus <i>Porphyrosiphon</i> are hypothesized to be the main causes of this disease.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Summer disease in <i>Parazoanthus axinellae</i> (Schmidt, 1862) (Cnidaria, Zoanthidea)","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-19 01:32:08.532723","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Mass mortality, marine fungi, benthic cyanobacteria, global warming, Mediterranean Sea","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2006,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-11-17","DateCreate":"2020-11-17","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000243290900008","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1080/11250000600911675"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":331150,"PubliDate":2006,"Pagination":"355-361","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"73","Issue":"4","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":45590,"SerRR":"Italian Journal of Zoology. Taylor & Francis/Mucchi Editore: Modena.  ISSN 1125-0003; e-ISSN 1748-5851","StandardTitleSer":"Italian Journal of Zoology","ISSN":"1125-0003","AbbrevSer":"Ital. J. 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