{"refrec":{"BRefID":331311,"RR":"<b>Atherley, N.A.M.; Dennis, M.M.; Freeman, M.A.</b> (2020). Two species of <i>Carcinonemertes</i> Coe, 1902 (Nemertea: Carcinonemertidae) infesting the Caribbean spiny lobster, <i>Panulirus argus</i> (Latreille, 1804) (Decapoda: Achelata: Palinuridae), in Saint Kitts, West Indies. <i>J. Crust. Biol. 40(6)</i>: 933-942. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa060\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa060</a>","BEntID":324922,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>J. Crust. Biol. 40(6)</i>: 933-942. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa060\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa060</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Atherley, N.A.M.; Dennis, M.M.; Freeman, M.A.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Atherley, N.A.M.; Dennis, M.M.; Freeman, M.A.","Englishabstract":"The Caribbean spiny lobster, <em>Panulirus argus</em> (<span class=\"xrefLink\" id=\"jumplink-CIT0035\"></span><a href=\"javascript:;\" reveal-id=\"CIT0035\" data-open=\"CIT0035\" class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\">Latreille, 1804</a>), is an important resource in the Western Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico. A nemertean egg predator of <em>P. argus</em>, <em>Carcinonemertes conanobrieni</em><span class=\"xrefLink\" id=\"jumplink-CIT0067\"></span><a href=\"javascript:;\" reveal-id=\"CIT0067\" data-open=\"CIT0067\" class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\">Simpson, Ambrosio & Baeza, 2017</a>, was recorded in Florida in 2017 and Colombia in 2018. This study sought to investigate the presence of <em>C. conanobrieni</em> in <em>P. argus</em> in Saint Kitts and Nevis, eastern Caribbean Sea. Nemerteans were observed in the brood masses of <em>P. argus</em>. Molecular techniques confirmed its presence in the <em>P. argus</em> population on Saint Kitts. Egg, juvenile, and adult stages of <em>C. conanobrieni</em> and of an undescribed <em>Carcinonemertes</em> sp. were found in the brood masses of 27 of 31 (87%) ovigerous <em>P. argus</em>. Differences in the shape of the nemertean egg masses (string <em>versus</em> spherical arrangement) were confirmed as two distinct species of <em>Carcinonemertes</em> Coe, 1902 using molecular analyses. The juvenile stage of the undescribed <em>Carcinonemertes</em> sp. was detected in the gills of 72 of 320 (23%) of the <em>P. argus</em> individuals from Saint Kitts. The prevalence of branchial nemertean infestation was not significantly different among male and female <em>P. argus</em>. Female lobsters with ovaries in early stages of gonadal maturation were more likely to have branchial nemerteans relative to those with ovaries in late stages of maturation, suggestive of nemertean migration from gills to egg mass once the host oviposits. This is the first report of <em>C. conanobrieni</em> in the Caribbean spiny lobster from the eastern Caribbean, which is approximately 1,300 miles from Florida and 1,000 miles from Colombia. This is also the first report of an undescribed nemertean worm in <em>P. argus</em>. The high prevalence of <em>Carcinonemertes</em> spp. in <em>P. argus</em> raises concern for the extent to which these egg predators may be impacting <em>P. argus</em> in Saint Kitts, an important fishery on the island.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Two species of <i>Carcinonemertes</i> Coe, 1902 (Nemertea: Carcinonemertidae) infesting the Caribbean spiny lobster, <i>Panulirus argus</i> (Latreille, 1804) (Decapoda: Achelata: Palinuridae), in Saint Kitts, West Indies","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-26 01:32:00.656022","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"brood parasitism, lobster fisheries, gills, reproduction, ribbon worm","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2020,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2021-01-06","DateCreate":"2020-11-24","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000608482700028","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa060"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":331311,"PubliDate":2020,"Pagination":"933-942","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"40","Issue":"6","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43037,"SerRR":"Journal of Crustacean Biology. Crustacean Society: Washington.  ISSN 0278-0372; e-ISSN 1937-240X","StandardTitleSer":"Journal of Crustacean Biology","ISSN":"0278-0372","AbbrevSer":"J. Crust. Biol.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":933,"Pages":10,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Atherley","Firstname":"Nicole","Initials":"N.A.M.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":324922,"AutID":431264,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Dennis","Firstname":"Michelle","Initials":"M.M.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":324922,"AutID":431265,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Freeman","Firstname":"Mark","Initials":"M.A.","Affiliation":"Univ Malaya, Inst Biol Sci, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":324922,"AutID":294251,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":null,"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Crustacean Society","City":"Washington"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":[{"Collection":"VLIZ Acknowledged Publications","ShortName":"VLIZ ackn"}],"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":{"941":{"SpName":"LifeWatch Species Information Backbone","SpColID":941,"ParSpColID":39,"TopParID":39,"ShortName":"LifeWatch Species Information Backbone","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":39,"SpColPath":"VLIZ ackn/LifeWatch Species Information Backbone"},"39":{"SpName":"VLIZ Acknowledged Publications","SpColID":39,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"VLIZ ackn","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"VLIZ ackn"},"507":{"SpName":"World Register of Marine Species","SpColID":507,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"WoRMS website","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"WoRMS website"},"915":{"SpName":"World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) acknowledged","SpColID":915,"ParSpColID":941,"TopParID":39,"ShortName":"WoRMS ackn","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":39,"SpColPath":"VLIZ ackn/LifeWatch Species Information Backbone/WoRMS ackn"},"947":{"SpName":"WoRMS ackn - direct reference","SpColID":947,"ParSpColID":915,"TopParID":39,"ShortName":"WoRMS ackn - direct","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":39,"SpColPath":"VLIZ ackn/LifeWatch Species Information Backbone/WoRMS ackn/WoRMS ackn - direct"}},"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":324922,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":324922,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa060","externalID":"10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa060","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":88234,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":null,"taxterms":null,"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Chisala, Chilekwa, C.","newSesDate":{"date":"2020-11-24 08:18:37.130000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Bouchti, Zohra, Z.","updSesDate":{"date":"2021-01-06 10:45:04.867000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}