{"refrec":{"BRefID":331947,"RR":"<b>van Bijsterveldt, C.E.J.; van Wesenbeeck, B.K.; Ramadhani, S.; Raven, O.V.; van Gool, F.E.; Pribadi, R.; Bouma, T.J.</b> (2021). Does plastic waste kill mangroves? A field experiment to assess the impact of macro plastics on mangrove growth, stress response and survival. <i>Sci. Total Environ. 756</i>: 143826. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143826\" target=\"_blank\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143826</a>","BEntID":325559,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Sci. Total Environ. 756</i>: 143826. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143826\" target=\"_blank\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143826</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"van Bijsterveldt, C.E.J.; van Wesenbeeck, B.K.; Ramadhani, S.; Raven, O.V.; van Gool, F.E.; Pribadi, R.; Bouma, T.J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"van Bijsterveldt, C.E.J. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The value of mangroves has been widely acknowledged, but mangrove forests    continue to decline due to numerous anthropogenic stressors. The impact of    plastic waste is however poorly known, even though the amount of plastic    litter is the largest in the region where mangroves are declining the    fastest: South East Asia. In this study, we examine the extent of the    plastic waste problem in mangroves along the north coast of Java,    Indonesia. First, we investigate how much of the forest floor is covered by    plastic in the field (in number of items per m<sup>2</sup> and in    percentage of the forest floor covered by plastic), and if plastic is also    buried in the upper layers of the sediment. We then experimentally    investigate the effects of a range of plastic cover percentages (0%, 50%    and 100%) on root growth, stress response of the tree and tree survival    over a period of six weeks. Field monitoring showed that plastic was    abundant, with 27 plastic items per m<sup>2</sup> on average, covering up    to 50% of the forest floor at multiple locations. Moreover, core data    revealed that plastic was frequently buried in the upper layers of the    sediment where it becomes immobile and can create prolonged anoxic    conditions. Our experiment subsequently revealed that prolonged suffocation    by plastic caused immediate pneumatophore growth and potential leaf loss.    However, trees in the 50%-plastic cover treatment proved surprisingly    resilient and were able to maintain their canopy over the course of the    experiment, whereas trees in the 100%-plastic cover treatment had a    significantly decreased leaf area index and survival by the end of the    experiment. Our findings demonstrate that mangrove trees are relatively    resilient to partial burial by plastic waste. However, mangrove stands are    likely to deteriorate eventually if plastic continues to accumulate.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Does plastic waste kill mangroves? A field experiment to assess the impact of macro plastics on mangrove growth, stress response and survival","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-19 01:32:08.876506","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Mangroves; Pneumatophores; Macro plastics; Anoxia; Stress response","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2021,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2021-01-11","DateCreate":"2020-12-14","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000603487500041","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143826"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":331947,"PubliDate":2021,"Pagination":"143826","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"756","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43780,"SerRR":"Science of the Total Environment. Elsevier: Amsterdam.  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