{"refrec":{"BRefID":33212,"RR":"<b>Wicks, B.J.; Randall, D.J.</b> (2002). The effect of feeding and fasting on ammonia toxicity in juvenile rainbow trout, <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>. <i>Aquat. Toxicol. 59(1-2)</i>: 71-82. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00237-5\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00237-5</a>","BEntID":33212,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Aquat. Toxicol. 59(1-2)</i>: 71-82. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00237-5\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00237-5</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":1,"BrackishFlag":1,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Wicks, B.J.; Randall, D.J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Wicks, B.J.; Randall, D.J.","Englishabstract":"Present fresh water ammonia standards have been established using data collected from toxicity tests on unfed fish. Ammonia, however, is an unusual toxicant as it is produced as a metabolic waste following protein catabolism. The present research was conducted to investigate the relationship between feeding and ammonia toxicity in rainbow trout, <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>. Results from these studies revealed that some fish fed to satiation have plasma ammonia levels greater than 30 μg/ml. This level was similar to the plasma ammonia levels in rainbow trout at the ammonia LC<sub>50</sub> value calculated in the present experiments. Even though plasma ammonia in fed fish was elevated there was no significant difference between the 96 h LC<sub>50</sub> values for fed and unfed fish (174 mg N per l) at pH 7.2. Feeding rates during these experiments decreased during the first 48 h of ammonia exposure, but increased again in the second 48 h at all but the highest ammonia level. Feeding rate never increased to the control level in ammonia exposed fish. In a second set of experiments feeding fish had a significantly higher 24 h LC<sub>50</sub> level, 177 mg N per l, than fish fasted for 5 or 10 days, 135-143 mg N per l. No significant difference was noted however, between the 48 h LC<sub>50</sub> values for fed and fasted fish. It was evident from these studies that feeding protects rainbow trout from ammonia toxicity during the first 24 h of exposure and that fasting exacerbates ammonia toxicity.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"The effect of feeding and fasting on ammonia toxicity in juvenile rainbow trout, <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-23 01:31:49.282851","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":"Rainbow trout; Acute toxicity; Feeding; Fasting","Notes":null,"AnaPub":2002,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2003-03-17","DateCreate":"2003-03-17","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000176782000005","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00237-5"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":33212,"PubliDate":2002,"Pagination":"71-82","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"59","Issue":"1-2","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42203,"SerRR":"Aquatic Toxicology. Elsevier Science: Tokyo; New York; London; Amsterdam.  ISSN 0166-445X; e-ISSN 1879-1514","StandardTitleSer":"Aquatic Toxicology","ISSN":"0166-445X","AbbrevSer":"Aquat. 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