{"refrec":{"BRefID":332405,"RR":"<b>Petraitis, P.S.; Dudgeon, S.R.</b> (2020). Declines over the last two decades of five intertidal invertebrate species in the western North Atlantic. <i>Communications Biology 3(1)</i>: 591. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42003-020-01326-0\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42003-020-01326-0</a>","BEntID":326017,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Communications Biology 3(1)</i>: 591. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42003-020-01326-0\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42003-020-01326-0</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Petraitis, P.S.; Dudgeon, S.R.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Petraitis, P.S.; Dudgeon, S.R.","Englishabstract":"Climate change has already altered the environmental conditions of the world’s oceans. Here we report declines in gastropod abundances and recruitment of mussels (<i>Mytilus edulis</i>) and barnacles (<i>Semibalanus balanoides</i>) over the last two decades that are correlated with changes in temperature and ocean conditions. Mussel recruitment is declining by 15.7% per year, barnacle recruitment by 5.0% per year, and abundances of three common gastropods are declining by an average of 3.1% per year (<i>Testudinalia testudinalis</i>, <i>Littorina littorea</i>, and <i>Nucella lapillus</i>). The declines in mussels and the common periwinkle (<i>L. littorea</i>) are correlated with warming sea temperatures and the declines in <i>T. testudinalis</i> and <i>N. lapillus</i> are correlated with aragonite saturation state, which affects rates of shell calcification. 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