{"refrec":{"BRefID":334024,"RR":"<b>de Kluijver, A.; Bart, M.C.; van Oevelen, D.; de Goeij, J.M.; Leys, S.P.; Maier, S.R.; Maldonado, M.; Soetaert, K.; Verbiest, S.; Middelburg, J.J.</b> (2021). An integrative model of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in a common deep-sea sponge (<i>Geodia barretti</i>). <i>Front. Mar. Sci. 7</i>: 596251. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.596251\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.596251</a>","BEntID":330579,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Front. Mar. Sci. 7</i>: 596251. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.596251\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.596251</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"de Kluijver, A.; Bart, M.C.; van Oevelen, D.; de Goeij, J.M.; Leys, S.P.; Maier, S.R.; Maldonado, M.; Soetaert, K.; Verbiest, S.; Middelburg, J.J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"de Kluijver, A. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"<p>    Deep-sea sponges and their microbial symbionts transform various forms of    carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) <em>via</em> several metabolic pathways, which,    for a large part, are poorly quantified. Previous flux studies on the    common deep-sea sponge <em>Geodia barretti</em> consistently revealed net    consumption of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>)    and net release of nitrate (NO−3NO3-). Here we present a biogeochemical    metabolic network model that, for the first time, quantifies C and N fluxes    within the sponge holobiont in a consistent manner, including many poorly    constrained metabolic conversions. Using two datasets covering a range of    individual <em>G. barretti</em> sizes (10–3,500 ml), we found that thevariability in metabolic rates partially resulted from body size as O    <sub>2</sub> uptake allometrically scales with sponge volume. Our model    analysis confirmed that dissolved organic matter (DOM), with an estimated    C:N ratio of 7.7 ± 1.4, is the main energy source of <em>G. barretti.</em>    DOM is primarily used for aerobic respiration, then for dissimilatory    NO−3NO3- reduction to ammonium (NH+4)NH4+) (DNRA), and, lastly, for    denitrification. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) production efficiencies    (production/assimilation) were estimated as 24 ± 8% (larger individuals)    and 31 ± 9% (smaller individuals), so most DOC was respired to carbon    dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), which was released in a net ratio of 0.77–0.81 to    O<sub>2</sub> consumption. Internally produced NH+4NH4+ from cellular    excretion and DNRA fueled nitrification. Nitrification-associated    chemoautotrophic production contributed 5.1–6.7 ± 3.0% to total sponge    production. While overall metabolic patterns were rather independent of    sponge size, (volume-)specific rates were lower in larger sponges comparedto smaller individuals. Specific biomass production rates were 0.16% day<sup>–1</sup> in smaller compared to 0.067% day<sup>–1</sup> in larger    <em>G. barretti</em> as expected for slow-growing deep-sea organisms.    Collectively, our approach shows that metabolic modeling of hard-to-reach,    deep-water sponges can be used to predict community-based biogeochemical    fluxes and sponge production that will facilitate further investigations on    the functional integration and the ecological significance of sponge    aggregations in deep-sea ecosystems.</p>","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"An integrative model of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in a common deep-sea sponge (<i>Geodia barretti</i>)","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-09 01:32:11.504200","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"allometry; metabolic network model; sponge holobiont metabolism; production; biogeochemistry; chemoautotrophy; sponge ground; LIM","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2021,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2021-02-18","DateCreate":"2021-02-18","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000612369600001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.3389/fmars.2020.596251"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":334024,"PubliDate":2021,"Pagination":"596251","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"7","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":233602,"SerRR":"Frontiers in Marine Science. 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