{"refrec":{"BRefID":334350,"RR":"<b>Thiele, C.J.; Hudson, M.D.; Russell, A.E.; Saluveer, M.; Sidaoui-Haddad, G.</b> (2021). Microplastics in fish and fishmeal: an emerging environmental challenge? <i>NPG Scientific Reports 11(1)</i>: 2045. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81499-8\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81499-8</a>","BEntID":330906,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":" <i>NPG Scientific Reports 11(1)</i>: 2045. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81499-8\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81499-8</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Thiele, C.J.; Hudson, M.D.; Russell, A.E.; Saluveer, M.; Sidaoui-Haddad, G.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Thiele, C.J. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Microplastics are contaminants of emerging concern; they are ingested by marine biota. About a quarter of global marine fish landings is used to produce fishmeal for animal and aquaculture feed. To provide a knowledge foundation for this matrix we reviewed the existing literature for studies of microplastics in fishmeal-relevant species. 55% of studies were deemed unsuitable due to focus on large microplastics (> 1 mm), lack of, or limited contamination control and polymer testing techniques. Overall, fishmeal-relevant species exhibit 0.72 microplastics/individual, with studies generally only assessing digestive organs. We validated a density separation method for effectiveness of microplastic extraction from this medium and assessed two commercial products for microplastics. Recovery rates of a range of dosed microplastics from whitefish fishmeal samples were 71.3 ± 1.2%. Commercial samples contained 123.9 ± 16.5 microplastics per kg of fishmeal—mainly polyethylene—including 52.0 ± 14.0 microfibres—mainly rayon. Concentrations in processed fishmeal seem higher than in captured fish, suggesting potential augmentation during the production process. Based on conservative estimates, over 300 million microplastic particles (mostly < 1 mm) could be released annually to the oceans through marine aquaculture alone. Fishmeal is both a source of microplastics to the environment, and directly exposes organisms for human consumption to these particles.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Microplastics in fish and fishmeal: an emerging environmental challenge?","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-15 01:33:29.428786","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2021,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2021-03-03","DateCreate":"2021-03-03","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000612982200188","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1038/s41598-021-81499-8"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":334350,"PubliDate":2021,"Pagination":"2045","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"11","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":208093,"SerRR":"Scientific Reports (Nature Publishing Group). 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