{"refrec":{"BRefID":335914,"RR":"<b>Hangx, S.J.T.; Spiers, C.J.</b> (2009). Coastal spreading of olivine to control atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations: A critical analysis of viability. <i>International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 3(6)</i>: 757-767. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2009.07.001\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2009.07.001</a>","BEntID":332536,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 3(6)</i>: 757-767. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2009.07.001\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2009.07.001</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Hangx, S.J.T.; Spiers, C.J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Hangx, S.J.T.; Spiers, C.J.","Englishabstract":"Qualitative proposals to control atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations by spreading crushed olivine rock along the Earth's coastlines, thereby accelerating weathering reactions, are presently attracting considerable attention. This paper provides a critical evaluation of the concept, demonstrating quantitatively whether or not it can contribute significantly to CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration. The feasibility of the concept depends on the rate of olivine dissolution, the sequestration capacity of the dominant reaction, and its CO<sub>2</sub> footprint. Kinetics calculations show that offsetting 30% of worldwide 1990 CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by beach weathering means distributing of 5.0<!--  &nbsp;<!--  Gt of olivine per year. For mean seawater temperatures of 15–25<!--  &nbsp;<!--  °C, olivine sand (300<!--  &nbsp;<!--  μm grain size) takes 700–2100 years to reach the necessary steady state sequestration rate and is therefore of little practical value. To obtain useful, steady state CO<sub>2</sub> uptake rates within 15–20 years requires grain sizes &lt;10<!--  &nbsp;<!--  μm. However, the preparation and movement of the required material poses major economic, infrastructural and public health questions. We conclude that coastal spreading of olivine is not a viable method of CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration on the scale needed. The method certainly cannot replace CCS technologies as a means of controlling atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Coastal spreading of olivine to control atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations: A critical analysis of viability","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"CO2 sequestration; Mineralisation ","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2009,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2021-03-31","DateCreate":"2021-03-31","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000272373000010","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2009.07.001"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":335914,"PubliDate":2009,"Pagination":"757-767","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"3","Issue":"6","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":270239,"SerRR":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. 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