{"refrec":{"BRefID":336014,"RR":"<b>Kuwae, T.; Kanda, J.; Kubo, A.; Nakajima, F.; Ogawa, H.; Sohma, A.; Suzumura, M.</b> (2016). Blue carbon in human-dominated estuarine and shallow coastal systems. <i>Ambio 45(3)</i>: 290-301. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-015-0725-x\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-015-0725-x</a>","BEntID":332636,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Ambio 45(3)</i>: 290-301. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-015-0725-x\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-015-0725-x</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Kuwae, T.; Kanda, J.; Kubo, A.; Nakajima, F.; Ogawa, H.; Sohma, A.; Suzumura, M.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Kuwae, T. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Estuarine and shallow coastal systems (ESCS) are recognized as not only significant organic carbon reservoirs but also emitters of CO<sub>2</sub> to the atmosphere through air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> gas exchange, thus posing a dilemma on ESCS’s role in climate change mitigation measures. However, some studies have shown that coastal waters take up atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> (C<sub>atm</sub>), although the magnitude and determinants remain unclear. We argue that the phenomenon of net uptake of C<sub>atm</sub> by ESCS is not unusual under a given set of terrestrial inputs and geophysical conditions. We assessed the key properties of systems that show the net C<sub>atm</sub> uptake and found that they are often characteristic of human-dominated systems: (1) input of high terrestrial nutrients, (2) input of treated wastewater in which labile carbon is highly removed, and (3) presence of hypoxia. 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