{"refrec":{"BRefID":336945,"RR":"<b>Eisaman, M.D.; Rivest, J.L.B.; Karnitz, S.D.; de Lannoy, C.-F.; Jose, A.; DeVaul, R.W.; Hannun, K.</b> (2018). Indirect ocean capture of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>: Part II. Understanding the cost of negative emissions. <i>International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 70</i>: 254-261. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.02.020\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.02.020</a>. <a href=\"https://hdl.handle.net/10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.02.020\" target=\"_blank\">https://hdl.handle.net/10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.02.020</a>","BEntID":333567,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 70</i>: 254-261. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.02.020\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.02.020</a>. <a href=\"https://hdl.handle.net/10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.02.020\" target=\"_blank\">https://hdl.handle.net/10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.02.020</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Eisaman, M.D.; Rivest, J.L.B.; Karnitz, S.D.; de Lannoy, C.-F.; Jose, A.; DeVaul, R.W.; Hannun, K.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Eisaman, M.D. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Negative emissions technologies (NETs), which result in the removal of CO<sub>2</sub> from the atmosphere, will be necessary to limit global warming to 2 °C. Unlike point-source CO<sub>2</sub> capture, NETs are agnostic to the emission source, and reduce the <em>existing</em> atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. This enables NETs to address distributed emissions from transportation and past emissions that have led to existing atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations. Despite their critical necessity, there are relatively few NETs that have been developed, and existing technologies do not have sufficiently detailed techno-economic analyses to allow comparison for the purpose of strategic investment and policy decisions. An analysis was performed of the economic feasibility of a novel platform of candidate NETs – indirect ocean capture (IOC) – through industry-validated economic and chemical process modeling supported by inputs from a prototype system. This manuscript details the development of a high-fidelity estimate of the cost of avoided CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from this NET by coupling scaled experiments to economic analyses. For the lowest-cost scenario of co-location with a desalination plant, a likely cost of $604 per metric ton of avoided CO<sub>2</sub> (tCO<sub>2</sub>) was found, and a best-case cost of $373/tCO<sub>2</sub>. Through improvements to unit processes, creative process optimization, and reduced carbon-neutral electricity prices, the cost of IOC negative emissions may be reduced in the future. Although NETs won’t likely require deployment for several years in order to limit warming to 2 °C, an objective techno-economic assessment of the options on the table will ensure that the best technology is developed and ready when deployment is required.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Indirect ocean capture of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>: Part II. 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