{"refrec":{"BRefID":337058,"RR":"<b>Stenvers, V.I.; Hauss, H.; Osborn, K.J.; Neitzel, P.; Merten, V.; Scheer, S.; Robison, B.H.; Freitas, R.; Hoving, H.J.T.</b> (2021). Distribution, associations and role in the biological carbon pump of <i>Pyrosoma atlanticum</i> (Tunicata, Thaliacea) off Cabo Verde, NE Atlantic. <i>NPG Scientific Reports 11(1)</i>: 9231. <a href=\"https://hdl.handle.net/10.1038/s41598-021-88208-5\" target=\"_blank\">https://hdl.handle.net/10.1038/s41598-021-88208-5</a>","BEntID":333680,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>NPG Scientific Reports 11(1)</i>: 9231. <a href=\"https://hdl.handle.net/10.1038/s41598-021-88208-5\" target=\"_blank\">https://hdl.handle.net/10.1038/s41598-021-88208-5</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Stenvers, V.I.; Hauss, H.; Osborn, K.J.; Neitzel, P.; Merten, V.; Scheer, S.; Robison, B.H.; Freitas, R.; Hoving, H.J.T.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Stenvers, V.I. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Gelatinous zooplankton are increasingly acknowledged to contribute significantly to the carbon cycle worldwide, yet many taxa within this diverse group remain poorly studied. Here, we investigate the pelagic tunicate <i>Pyrosoma atlanticum</i> in the waters surrounding the Cabo Verde Archipelago. By using a combination of pelagic and benthic in situ observations, sampling, and molecular genetic analyses (barcoding, eDNA), we reveal that: <i>P. atlanticum</i> abundance is most likely driven by local island-induced productivity, that it substantially contributes to the organic carbon export flux and is part of a diverse range of biological interactions. Downward migrating pyrosomes actively transported an estimated 13% of their fecal pellets below the mixed layer, equaling a carbon flux of 1.96–64.55 mg C m<sup>−2</sup> day<sup>−1</sup>. We show that analysis of eDNA can detect pyrosome material beyond their migration range, suggesting that pyrosomes have ecological impacts below the upper water column. Moribund <i>P. atlanticum</i> colonies contributed an average of 15.09 ± 17.89 (s.d.) mg C m<sup>−2</sup> to the carbon flux reaching the island benthic slopes. Our pelagic in situ observations further show that <i>P. atlanticum</i> formed an abundant substrate in the water column (reaching up to 0.28 m<sup>2</sup> substrate area per m<sup>2</sup>), with animals using pyrosomes for settlement, as a shelter and/or a food source. In total, twelve taxa from four phyla were observed to interact with pyrosomes in the midwater and on the benthos.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Distribution, associations and role in the biological carbon pump of <i>Pyrosoma atlanticum</i> (Tunicata, Thaliacea) off Cabo Verde, NE Atlantic","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-05-27 01:31:33.222957","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2021,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2023-02-07","DateCreate":"2021-05-11","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000656196400009","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"Handle":"10.1038/s41598-021-88208-5"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":337058,"PubliDate":2021,"Pagination":"9231","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"11","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":208093,"SerRR":"Scientific Reports (Nature Publishing Group). 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