{"refrec":{"BRefID":337264,"RR":"Moeris, S.; Vanryckeghem, F.; Demeestere, K.; De Schamphelaere, K.A.C. (2021). Neonicotinoid insecticides from a marine perspective: acute and chronic copepod testing and derivation of environmental quality standards. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 40(5): 1353-1367. https://hdl.handle.net/10.1002/etc.4986","BEntID":333886,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 40(5): 1353-1367. https://hdl.handle.net/10.1002/etc.4986","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Moeris, S.; Vanryckeghem, F.; Demeestere, K.; De Schamphelaere, K.A.C.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Moeris, S. et al.","Englishabstract":"Neonicotinoid insecticides have become of global concern for the aquatic environment. Harpacticoid copepods are among the organisms most sensitive to neonicotinoids. We exposed the brackish copepod Nitocra spinipes to 4 neonicotinoid insecticides (clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam) to investigate acute toxicity on adults (96-h exposure) and effects on larval development (7-d exposure). We used these results in combination with publicly available ecotoxicity data to derive environmental quality standards (EQS). These EQS were ultimately used in a single-substance and mixture risk assessment for the Belgian part of the North Sea. Acute toxicity testing revealed that immobilization is a more sensitive endpoint than mortality, with 96-h median effect concentration (EC50) values of 6.9, 7.2, 25, and 120 µg L–1 for clothianidin, thiacloprid, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam, respectively. In addition, the larval development tests resulted in 7-d no-observed-effect concentrations (NOECs) of 2.5, 2.7, 4.2, and >99 µg L–1 for clothianidin, thiacloprid, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam, respectively. The derived saltwater annual average (AA-)EQS were 0.05, 0.0048, 0.002, and 0.016 µg L–1 for clothianidin, thiacloprid, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam, respectively. Finally, the risk characterization revealed some exceedances of the AA-EQS in Belgian harbors for imidacloprid (number of exceedances, n = 2/4), for thiacloprid (n = 1/4), for thiamethoxam (n = 1/4), and for the mixture of the 4 neonicotinoids (n = 4/4), but not at the open sea. At the open sea site, the toxic unit sums relative to the AA-EQS were 0.72 and 0.22, suggesting no mixture risk, albeit with a relatively small margin of safety. Including short-term EC10 (96-h) values of N. spinipes for the AA-EQS derivation led to a refinement of the AA-EQS for clothianidin and thiamethoxam, suggesting their use for the AA-EQS derivation because one of the overarching goals of the definition of EQS is to protect species at the population level.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Neonicotinoid insecticides from a marine perspective: acute and chronic copepod testing and derivation of environmental quality standards","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-21 01:33:00.035761","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Neonicotinoids; Marine ecotoxicology; Copepods; Immobilization; Acuteand chronic testing","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2021,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2021-05-28","DateCreate":"2021-05-17","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000631955900001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"Handle":"10.1002/etc.4986"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":337264,"PubliDate":2021,"Pagination":"1353-1367","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"40","Issue":"5","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42839,"SerRR":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. Setac Press: New York. ISSN 0730-7268; e-ISSN 1552-8618","StandardTitleSer":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","ISSN":"0730-7268","AbbrevSer":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":15,"Pages":1353,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Moeris","Firstname":"Samuel","Initials":"S.","Affiliation":"Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Environmental Toxicology Unit (GhEnToxLab), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":333886,"AutID":454821,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"GhEnToxLab","InsFSN":"Universiteit Gent; Faculteit Bio-ingenieurswetenschappen; Vakgroep Dierwetenschappen en Aquatische Ecologie; Laboratorium voor Milieutoxicologie","ORCID":null,"PersID":35209,"InsID":6705},{"AutName":"Vanryckeghem","Firstname":"Francis","Initials":"F.","Affiliation":"Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":333886,"AutID":454822,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"EnVOC","InsFSN":"Universiteit Gent; Faculteit Bio-ingenieurswetenschappen; Vakgroep Groene Chemie en Technologie; Onderzoeksgroep Organische Milieuchemie en -Technologie","ORCID":null,"PersID":35211,"InsID":106},{"AutName":"Demeestere","Firstname":"Kristof","Initials":"K.","Affiliation":"Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":333886,"AutID":445378,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"EnVOC","InsFSN":"Universiteit Gent; Faculteit Bio-ingenieurswetenschappen; Vakgroep Groene Chemie en Technologie; Onderzoeksgroep Organische Milieuchemie en -Technologie","ORCID":null,"PersID":2598,"InsID":106},{"AutName":"De Schamphelaere","Firstname":"Karel","Initials":"K.A.C.","Affiliation":"Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Environmental Toxicology Unit (GhEnToxLab), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":333886,"AutID":445379,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"GhEnToxLab","InsFSN":"Universiteit Gent; Faculteit Bio-ingenieurswetenschappen; Vakgroep Dierwetenschappen en Aquatische Ecologie; Laboratorium voor Milieutoxicologie","ORCID":"0000-0002-5063-922X","PersID":2823,"InsID":6705}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":361700,"LibID":36,"BRefID":337264,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":null,"ShelfLocCode":"361700","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"Interne VLIZ documenten","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Non-open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":228,"Classification":"Non-open access","ReqLink":1,"ClassifTypID":3,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":1,"InternalReq":1,"LoggedInReq":1,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_VLIZ_Intern","DutchDisclaimer":"
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