{"refrec":{"BRefID":338044,"RR":"<b>Rietjens, G.; Most, J.; Joris, P.J.; Helmhout, P.; Plasqui, G.</b> (2020). Energy expenditure and changes in body composition during submarine deployment - An observational study \"DasBoost 2-2017\". <i>Nutrients 12(1)</i>: 226. <a href=\"https://hdl.handle.net/10.3390/nu12010226\" target=\"_blank\">https://hdl.handle.net/10.3390/nu12010226</a>","BEntID":334668,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Nutrients 12(1)</i>: 226. <a href=\"https://hdl.handle.net/10.3390/nu12010226\" target=\"_blank\">https://hdl.handle.net/10.3390/nu12010226</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Rietjens, G.; Most, J.; Joris, P.J.; Helmhout, P.; Plasqui, G.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Rietjens, G. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The present study was designed to objectively assess the effects of 3-months submarine deployment on behavioural and metabolic determinants of metabolic health. In 13 healthy, non-obese volunteers, we using stable isotope dilution, and plasma and urinary biochemistry to characterize metabolic health before and after a 3-month submarine deployment. Volunteers worked in 6-h shifts. After deployment, we observed reduced fat-free mass (mean ± SD, −4.1 ± 3.3 kg, <span class=\"html-italic\">p</span> = 0.003) and increased adiposity (21.9 ± 3.2% fat mass to 24.4 ± 4.7%, <span class=\"html-italic\">p =</span> 0.01). Changes in fat-free mass were positively associated with physical activity (+0.8 kg per 0.1 increase in PAL, <span class=\"html-italic\">p =</span> 0.03). The average physical activity level was 1.64 ± 0.26 and total energy expenditure during deployment was 2937 ± 498 kcal/d, while energy intake was 3158 ± 786 kcal/d. Fasting glucose (<span class=\"html-italic\">p =</span> 0.03), and triglycerides (<span class=\"html-italic\">p =</span> 0.01) declined, whereas fasting free fatty acids increased (<span class=\"html-italic\">p =</span> 0.04). Plasma vitamin D and B12 concentrations decreased (−14%, <span class=\"html-italic\">p =</span> 0.04, and −44%, <span class=\"html-italic\">p =</span> 0.001, respectively), and plasma calcium, and magnesium increased (+51%, <span class=\"html-italic\">p =</span> 0.01, and +5%, <span class=\"html-italic\">p =</span> 0.02). Haemoglobin was unchanged, but haematocrit decreased (−2.2 ± 2.1%, <span class=\"html-italic\">p =</span> 0.005). In conclusion, submarine deployment impairs fat-free mass maintenance and promotes adiposity. High physical activity may prevent the decline in fat-free mass. Our study confirms the need to counteract Vitamin D and B12 deficiencies, and suggests impairments in erythrocyte metabolism.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Energy expenditure and changes in body composition during submarine deployment - An observational study \"DasBoost 2-2017\"","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"submarine; energy expenditure; doubly labelled water; body composition; adiposity; physical activity","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2020,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2021-05-30","DateCreate":"2021-05-17","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000516825500226","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"Handle":"10.3390/nu12010226"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":338044,"PubliDate":2020,"Pagination":"226","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"12","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":275613,"SerRR":"Nutrients. 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