{"refrec":{"BRefID":338202,"RR":"<b>Turbet, M.; Leconte, J.; Selsis, F.; Bolmont, E.; Forget, F.; Ribas, I.; Raymond, S.N.; Anglada-Escudé, G.</b> (2016). The habitability of Proxima Centauri b. II. Possible climates and observability. <i>Astron. Astrophys. 596</i>: A112. <a href=\"https://hdl.handle.net/10.1051/0004-6361/201629577\" target=\"_blank\">https://hdl.handle.net/10.1051/0004-6361/201629577</a>","BEntID":334827,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Astron. Astrophys. 596</i>: A112. <a href=\"https://hdl.handle.net/10.1051/0004-6361/201629577\" target=\"_blank\">https://hdl.handle.net/10.1051/0004-6361/201629577</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Turbet, M.; Leconte, J.; Selsis, F.; Bolmont, E.; Forget, F.; Ribas, I.; Raymond, S.N.; Anglada-Escudé, G.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Turbet, M. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Radial velocity monitoring has found the signature of a <span class=\"simple-math\"><i>M</i>sin<i>i</i> = 1.3</span><span class=\"simple-math\"><i>M</i><sub>⊕</sub></span> planet located within the habitable zone (HZ) of Proxima Centauri. Despite a hotter past and an active host star, the planet Proxima b could have retained enough volatiles to sustain surface habitability. Here we use a 3D Global Climate Model (GCM) to simulate the atmosphere and water cycle of Proxima b for its two likely rotation modes (1:1 and 3:2 spin-orbit resonances), while varying the unconstrained surface water inventory and atmospheric greenhouse effect. Any low-obliquity, low-eccentricity planet within the HZ of its star should be in one of the climate regimes discussed here. We find that a broad range of atmospheric compositions allow surface liquid water. On a tidally locked planet with sufficient surface water inventory, liquid water is always present, at least in the substellar region. With a non-synchronous rotation, this requires a minimum greenhouse warming (<span class=\"simple-math\">~</span>10 mbar of CO<span class=\"simple-math\"><sub>2</sub></span> and 1 bar of N<span class=\"simple-math\"><sub>2</sub></span>). If the planet is dryer, <span class=\"simple-math\">~</span>0.5 bar or 1.5 bars of CO<span class=\"simple-math\"><sub>2</sub></span> (for asynchronous or synchronous rotation, respectively) suffice to prevent the trapping of any arbitrary, small water inventory into polar or nightside ice caps. We produce reflection and emission spectra and phase curves for the simulated climates. We find that atmospheric characterization will be possible via direct imaging with forthcoming large telescopes. The angular separation of <span class=\"simple-math\">7<i>λ</i>/<i>D</i></span> at 1 <span class=\"simple-math\"><i>μ</i></span>m (with the E-ELT) and a contrast of <span class=\"simple-math\">~</span>10<span class=\"simple-math\"><sup>-7</sup></span> will enable high-resolution spectroscopy and the search for molecular signatures, including H<span class=\"simple-math\"><sub>2</sub></span>O, O<span class=\"simple-math\"><sub>2</sub></span>, and CO<span class=\"simple-math\"><sub>2</sub></span>. The observation of thermal phase curves can be attempted with the <i>James Webb </i>Space Telescope, thanks to a contrast of <span class=\"simple-math\">2 × 10<sup>-5</sup></span> at 10 <span class=\"simple-math\"><i>μ</i></span>m. Proxima b will also be an exceptional target for future IR interferometers. Within a decade it will be possible to image Proxima b and possibly determine whether the surface of this exoplanet is habitable. ","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"The habitability of Proxima Centauri b. II. Possible climates and observability","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-30 01:31:51.644982","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"stars: individual: Proxima Cen; planets and satellites: individual: Proxima Cen b; planets and satellites: atmospheres; planets andsatellites: terrestrial planets; planets and satellites: detection; astrobiology","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2016,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2021-06-09","DateCreate":"2021-05-17","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000390797900110","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"Handle":"10.1051/0004-6361/201629577"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":338202,"PubliDate":2016,"Pagination":"A112","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"596","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":233536,"SerRR":"Astronomy & Astrophysics (Les Ulis). 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