{"refrec":{"BRefID":339709,"RR":"<b>Emond, C.A.; Vergara, V.B.; Lombardini, E.D.; Mog, S.R.; Kalinich, J.F.</b> (2014). Induction of rhabdomyosarcoma by embedded military-grade tungsten/nickel/cobalt not by tungsten/nickel/iron in the B6C3F<sub>1</sub> mouse. <i>International Journal of Toxicology 34(1)</i>: 44-54. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581814565038\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581814565038</a>","BEntID":336344,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>International Journal of Toxicology 34(1)</i>: 44-54. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581814565038\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581814565038</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":1,"Authorstring":"Emond, C.A.; Vergara, V.B.; Lombardini, E.D.; Mog, S.R.; Kalinich, J.F.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Emond, C.A. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Continued improvements in the ballistic properties of military munitions have led to metal formulations for which little are known about the long-term health effects. Previously we have shown that a military-grade tungsten alloy comprised of tungsten, nickel, and cobalt, when embedded into the leg muscle of F344 rats to simulate a fragment wound, induces highly aggressive metastatic rhabdomyosarcomas. An important follow-up when assessing a compound’s carcinogenic potential is to test it in a second rodent species. In this study, we assessed the health effects of embedded fragments of 2 military-grade tungsten alloys, tungsten/nickel/cobalt and tungsten/nickel/iron, in the B6C3F<sub>1</sub> mouse. Implantation of tungsten/nickel/cobalt pellets into the quadriceps muscle resulted in the formation of a rhabdomyosarcoma around the pellet. Conversely, implantation of tungsten/nickel/iron did not result in tumor formation. Unlike what was seen in the rat model, the tumors induced by the tungsten/nickel/cobalt did not exhibit aggressive growth patterns and did not metastasize.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Induction of rhabdomyosarcoma by embedded military-grade tungsten/nickel/cobalt not by tungsten/nickel/iron in the B6C3F<sub>1</sub> mouse","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"tungsten alloy, embedded fragment wound, rhabdomyosarcoma, mouse, cancer","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2014,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2021-07-06","DateCreate":"2021-07-06","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000349986200007","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1177/1091581814565038"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":339709,"PubliDate":2014,"Pagination":"44-54","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"34","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":339708,"SerRR":"International Journal of Toxicology. 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