{"refrec":{"BRefID":339874,"RR":"<b>Vaksmaa, A.; Hernando-Morales, V.; Zeghal, E.; Niemann, H.</b> (2021). Microbial degradation of marine plastics: current state and future prospects, <b><i>in</i></b>: Joshi, S.J. <i>et al.</i> <i>Biotechnology for sustainable environment.</i> pp. 111-154. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1955-7_5\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1955-7_5</a>","BEntID":336509,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":0,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":", <b><i>in</i></b>: Joshi, S.J. <i>et al.</i> <i>Biotechnology for sustainable environment.</i> pp. 111-154. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1955-7_5\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1955-7_5</a>","DocTypID":17,"DocType":"Book chapters","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Vaksmaa, A.; Hernando-Morales, V.; Zeghal, E.; Niemann, H.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Vaksmaa, A. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":" Millions of tons of plastics entering the sea each year are a substantial    environmental problem. It is expected that ocean plastic pollution will    increase when considering the rapidly rising rates in global plastic    production, in contrast to the relatively slow growth in plastic recycling    rates, and future projections of increasing population densities in coastal    areas. However, a significant discrepancy exists between the vast    quantities of plastic entering the ocean and the orders of magnitude lower    amounts afloat at the sea surface, indicating a substantial sink for ocean    plastics. Plastics are probably degraded in a multi-step process    facilitated by abiotic and biotic factors. Abiotic factors, such as shear    stress induced by wave action, solar ultraviolet radiation, and heat    embrittle and fragment plastics. Fragmentation of macroplastics results in    micro and nanoscale particles. Photooxidation causes the release of chain    scission products from the polymer matrix, e.g., nanoplastics,    low-molecular-weight polymer fragments, and hydrocarbon gases.    Biodegradation of plastics is mediated by microbes that have enzymes    capable of inducing (1) chain scission and depolymerization, and (2)    assimilate and terminally oxidize the intermediate products of initial    degradation. Plastic degradation products from UV radiation could be a    useful carbon source for microbes, while the role of marine microbes as    initial degraders is not well understood. Several terrestrial    microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) are known to degrade specific plastic    polymers. For example, the bacterium <i>Ideonella sakaiensis</i> hydrolyses    polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with a novel cutinase (termed PETase) and    utilizes the degradation products as energy and carbon source. In the    marine environment, complex hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria have    repetitively been found in association with plastics. These bacteria have    genes encoding for monooxygenases, peroxidases, and dehydrogenases, enzymes    which can, in principle, facilitate the initial breakdown of plastics. Most    commonly applied methods to investigate plastic biodegradation are based on    monitoring weight loss of plastic over time, determining chemical changes    of the polymer, investigating colonization of plastics by microbes, and    measuring CO<sub>2</sub> production rates. However, these evaluation    methods often lack rigor in confirming initial depolymerization,    assimilation, and mineralization. This chapter provides an overview of    plastic biodegradation in the marine realm. Identified and potential    microbial plastic degraders will be covered. Their metabolic and enzymatic    capabilities will be highlighted with respect to valorization their    potential in the future.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AM","StandardTitle":"Microbial degradation of marine plastics: current state and future prospects","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Plastic pollution; Plastic polymers; Microbial plastic degradation ","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2021,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2021-08-10","DateCreate":"2021-07-08","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":0,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1007/978-981-16-1955-7_5"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":339874,"PubliDate":2021,"Pagination":"111-154","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":"978-981-16-1957-1","Volume":null,"Issue":null,"BRefMon":339871,"BRefMonRR":"<b>Joshi, S.J.; Deshmukh, A.; Sarma, H. (Ed.)</b> (2021). Biotechnology for sustainable environment. Springer: [s.l.]. ISBN 978-981-16-1957-1; e-ISBN 978-981-16-1955-7.  <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1955-7\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1955-7</a>","BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":null,"SerRR":null,"StandardTitleSer":null,"ISSN":null,"AbbrevSer":null,"StandardTitleMon":"Biotechnology for sustainable environment","StartPage":111,"Pages":44,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"M","SerNotes":null,"AutString":"Joshi, S.J.; Deshmukh, A.; Sarma, H. 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