{"refrec":{"BRefID":344858,"RR":"<b>Williams, D.E.; Miller, M.W.; Bright, A.J.; Pausch, R.E.; Valdivia, A.</b> (2017). Thermal stress exposure, bleaching response, and mortality in the threatened coral <i>Acropora palmata</i>. <i>Mar. Pollut. Bull. 124(1)</i>: 189-197. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.07.001\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.07.001</a>","BEntID":341493,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Mar. Pollut. Bull. 124(1)</i>: 189-197. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.07.001\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.07.001</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Williams, D.E.; Miller, M.W.; Bright, A.J.; Pausch, R.E.; Valdivia, A.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Williams, D.E. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Demographic data for Elkhorn coral, <i>Acropora palmata</i>, and in situ water temperature data from seven upper Florida Keys (USA) reefs revealed three warm thermal stress events between 2010 and 2016. During a mild bleaching event in 2011, up to 59% of colonies bleached, but no mortality resulted. In both 2014 and 2015, severe and unprecedented bleaching was observed with up to 100% of colonies bleached. <i>A. palmata</i> live tissue cover declined by one-third following the 2014–2015 events. Colony mortality of mildly- and non-bleached colonies did not differ but increased significantly with more severe bleaching. Increased bleaching prevalence corresponded to maximum daily average water temperatures above 31.3 °C. However, the cumulative days with daily average exceeding 31.0 °C provided a better predictor of bleaching response. 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